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Title: How does the Egyptian savings rate compare to that of other MENA countries? Quote relevant statistics and use relevant diagrams to support your argument.
Description: National gross savings is calculated throughout deducting total national consumption from total national income and net transfers. The rate of savings indicates rate of national gross (Loayza & Hevia, 2011). Throughout analysis of Egyptian gross rate, it ensured that Egyptian gross domestic savings declined from 23.6% in 2008 to 12% in 2014 as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank Group, 2016). Egyptian National savings’ decline resulted from various factors, such as; limited production capabilities, limited innovations, and poor public management. Success within national growth requires rising the Egyptian savings with no less than 80 percent (Loayza & Hevia, 2011). Egypt needs to reduce public expenditures to eliminate costs or to raise revenues through enhancement of national production and innovativeness. Enhancing public sector’s efficiency and effectiveness will rise of gross savings of Egypt (Helmy, 2015). The decline within the national savings and the limitation of the Egyptian government capabilities to fulfill the national financial needs are considered to be main resulting from the poor managerial capabilities of the governmental officials in the directing of the national income and in the formulation of an effective reformation process within the public sector agencies (Galal, 1996). The following study focused it analysis on Egypt, as well as Three of the MENA Region Countries, which are Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Israel. I addition, the time frame of the analysis had been focused on the period between 2000 till 010, which had been chosen to avoid the impact of the Egyptian evolution and the Arab Spring on the National and the Arabian economies. The aim of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis for national savings of Egypt and MENA Countries, while highlighting strategies that MENA Countries followed for attaining high saving rates. The research argues that throughout the reformulation of the public administration and the investment policies, the Egyptian government will be able to enhance the national savings, throughout higher revenues and lower expenses.
Description: National gross savings is calculated throughout deducting total national consumption from total national income and net transfers. The rate of savings indicates rate of national gross (Loayza & Hevia, 2011). Throughout analysis of Egyptian gross rate, it ensured that Egyptian gross domestic savings declined from 23.6% in 2008 to 12% in 2014 as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank Group, 2016). Egyptian National savings’ decline resulted from various factors, such as; limited production capabilities, limited innovations, and poor public management. Success within national growth requires rising the Egyptian savings with no less than 80 percent (Loayza & Hevia, 2011). Egypt needs to reduce public expenditures to eliminate costs or to raise revenues through enhancement of national production and innovativeness. Enhancing public sector’s efficiency and effectiveness will rise of gross savings of Egypt (Helmy, 2015). The decline within the national savings and the limitation of the Egyptian government capabilities to fulfill the national financial needs are considered to be main resulting from the poor managerial capabilities of the governmental officials in the directing of the national income and in the formulation of an effective reformation process within the public sector agencies (Galal, 1996). The following study focused it analysis on Egypt, as well as Three of the MENA Region Countries, which are Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Israel. I addition, the time frame of the analysis had been focused on the period between 2000 till 010, which had been chosen to avoid the impact of the Egyptian evolution and the Arab Spring on the National and the Arabian economies. The aim of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis for national savings of Egypt and MENA Countries, while highlighting strategies that MENA Countries followed for attaining high saving rates. The research argues that throughout the reformulation of the public administration and the investment policies, the Egyptian government will be able to enhance the national savings, throughout higher revenues and lower expenses.
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How does the Egyptian savings rate compare to that of other MENA
countries? Quote relevant statistics and use relevant diagrams to support
your argument
...
2
Reasons behind Decline in Egyptian National Savings
...
5
I
...
5
II
...
6
III
...
7
Findings
...
9
Bibliography
...
12
-
Data for the adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI) of
Egypt, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Israel
...
12
-
Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP)
...
13
-
Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports)
...
The rate of savings indicates
rate of national gross (Loayza & Hevia, 2011)
...
6% in 2008 to
12% in 2014 as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank Group,
2016)
...
Success
within national growth requires rising the Egyptian savings with no less than 80 percent
(Loayza & Hevia, 2011)
...
Enhancing public sector’s efficiency and effectiveness will rise of gross savings of Egypt
(Helmy, 2015)
...
The following study focused it
analysis on Egypt, as well as Three of the MENA Region Countries, which are Saudi
Arabia, Bahrain, and Israel
...
The aim of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis for national savings of
Egypt and MENA Countries, while highlighting strategies that MENA Countries followed
for attaining high saving rates
...
Page 2 of 14
Reasons behind Decline in Egyptian National Savings
During the 1990s, Egypt witnessed very high rate of national savings, which had
been resulted from the enlargement of the national revenues
...
In the end of the 1990s, the Egyptian government faced a high
threat as a result of the changes within the international prices of oil (World Bank,
1998)
...
Fuel percent of the total merchandise exports
60
...
9
49
...
0
47
...
7
43
...
0
40
...
2
29
...
4
30
...
0
10
...
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Figure 1: percent of the total merchandise Exports 1990 to 1998
Page 3 of 14
1997
1998
On the other hand, another perspective had been suggesting that there is a
direct relationship between both of the national savings and the inflation, as well as
governmental or federal debt-ness
...
In case of the high governmental debts, the government will
be focusing the majority of the national income for the purpose of the fulfillment of its
financial obligations, rather than savings toward investments (Esmail, 2014)
...
For instance, the huge public
spending had been leading to huge fiscal deficits, which led to get inflation (Zaki,
Youssef, Selim, & Herrera, 2011)
...
In addition, within the reform process, the government should
be focusing on the reform of the public wages and salaries, while following a downsizing
and privatization strategy for the purpose of the enhancing efficiency and providing the
public sector an opportunity for survive and grow (International Monetary Fund, 2014)
...
Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Egypt, Arab Rep
...
However, the
growth of the national savings, doesn’t mean that the national government is productive,
it only means that the there is an extra income held by the government
...
Page 5 of 14
II
...
Israel
Saudi Arabia
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Figure 3: Gross savings (% of GDP) 2000 – 2010 (WB & OECD, 2016)
Regarding the era between 2000 and 2010 Egypt had been showing increase within
the national savings which declined within the era between 2008 and 2010 when Egypt
had been positioned as the lowest rank among the four countries
...
The changes within the rest of the fur countries was slightly as
the deficit remained with no changes, except for the surplus of Bahrain, whose balance
moved from 6 percent in surplus in 2008, into 6 percent in deficit at 2010 (IMF, GFSY, &
OECD, 2016)
...
Israel
10
8
6
4
2
0
2000
-2
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
-4
-6
-8
-10
Figure 4: Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP) 2000 – 2010 (IMF, GFSY, & OECD, Cash surplus/deficit (% of GDP),
2016)
III
...
Israel
50
40
30
20
10
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Figure 5: Expense (% of GDP) 2000 – 2010 (IMF & OECD, Expense (% of GDP), 2016)
Page 7 of 14
Regarding the public spending, it can be claimed that Bahrain is considered to be
one of the most efficient state, which use its products and services more wisely, while
on the other hand, Egypt had been ranked the 2nd state among the 4 countries
...
Changes in the public spending is can be illustrated in Figure 5
Findings
Throughout the analysis it had been realized as follow
...
Secondly, there is a positive relation between the amount of public spending and the
savings
...
Fourthly, Egypt
is the only one among the four countries that depend on foreign debts for the fulfillment
of the national financial obligations
...
Sixthly, there is a
positive relation between the privatization and the rate of national savings
...
Page 8 of 14
Conclusion
To conclude, it can be suggested that the development of the national investments
and infrastructure would be effectively enhancing the capabilities of the national
government for the development of higher revenues of national income on the long run,
which would lead to the fulfillment of the national financial obligations, as well as the
national spending without the depending on the foreign debts
...
Finally, the governmental suspend
spending on social programs, overhead labor in public sector institutions, and poor
services, for the purpose of the enhancement of the national income, as well as
achieving cash surplus
...
Page 9 of 14
Bibliography
Esmail, H
...
Macroeconomic determinants of savings in Egypt"Statistical Model"
...
2 Number 2
...
org/admin/content/pdf/i-5_c-50
...
(2015)
...
International
Journal of Economics and Finance; Vol
...
10; Published by Canadian Center of Science and
Education
...
org/journal/index
...
(2016)
...
World Bank
...
worldbank
...
XPN
...
GD
...
(2016)
...
World Bank
...
worldbank
...
BAL
...
GD
...
(2014)
...
International Monetary Fund
...
imf
...
Loayza, N
...
(2011)
...
Policy Research Working Papers, Saving and
growth in Egypt
...
doi
...
1596/1813-9450-5529
The World Bank Group
...
Gross savings (% of GDP)
...
Retrieved from
http://data
...
org/indicator/NY
...
ICTR
...
(2016)
...
World Bank
...
worldbank
...
VAL
...
ZS
...
(2016)
...
World Bank
...
worldbank
...
GNS
...
ZS?view=chart
World Bank
...
Egypt in the Global Economy: Strategic Choices for Savings, Investments, and Longterm Growth
...
Retrieved from
https://books
...
com
...
(2016)
...
World
Bank
...
worldbank
...
ADJ
...
GN
...
, Youssef, H
...
, & Herrera, S
...
EGYPT BEYOND THE CRISIS: MEDIUM-TERM
CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINED GROWTH
...
Retrieved from
http://erf
...
eg/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/625
...
2000
8
...
460806
6
...
990098 -12
...
8579353 11
...
9276213 -4
...
0837286 9
...
2949914 -5
...
547499 9
...
9989017 -7
...
644407 11
...
635374
22
...
02357
2006
4
...
1794786 22
...
59344
2007
6
...
409733 23
...
49584
2008
3
...
2153478 4
...
942632 11
...
7091165 4
...
39117
-1
...
3524
4
...
483473 10
...
51221
Data Gross savings (% of GDP) of Egypt, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Israel
Year
Bahrain
Egypt,
Israel
Arab Rep
...
732694 18
...
530755 29
...
240389 18
...
431381 26
...
73571
2003
25
...
509978 18
...
27992
2004
24
...
960445 21
...
393534 49
...
20282
2007
48
...
553287 22
...
92508
2008
43
...
623501 20
...
75268
2009
28
...
261497 18
...
49733
21
...
087429 41
...
97384
23
...
73521
16
...
151009 36
...
274539 17
...
740738 43
...
49196
-3
...
9732696
-6
...
792448
-6
...
293939
2003
1
...
816287
-7
...
5181856
-5
...
633442
2005
6
...
448858
-4
...
9884163
-7
...
303738
2007
3
...
557962
-1
...
4826121
-6
...
24048
2009
-4
...
562963
-6
...
Israel
-4
...
733913
-4
...
2000
19
...
909148
2001
20
...
825396
2002
23
...
24835
46
...
866288 27
...
593682
2004
19
...
890377 43
...
313595 27
...
418707
2006
16
...
763672 40
...
005424 29
...
05307
2008
16
...
318204 38
...
762498 30
...
744471
2010
19
...
860252 38
...
29
...
933256
43
...
797836
39
...
168059
47
...
253068
29
Title: How does the Egyptian savings rate compare to that of other MENA countries? Quote relevant statistics and use relevant diagrams to support your argument.
Description: National gross savings is calculated throughout deducting total national consumption from total national income and net transfers. The rate of savings indicates rate of national gross (Loayza & Hevia, 2011). Throughout analysis of Egyptian gross rate, it ensured that Egyptian gross domestic savings declined from 23.6% in 2008 to 12% in 2014 as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank Group, 2016). Egyptian National savings’ decline resulted from various factors, such as; limited production capabilities, limited innovations, and poor public management. Success within national growth requires rising the Egyptian savings with no less than 80 percent (Loayza & Hevia, 2011). Egypt needs to reduce public expenditures to eliminate costs or to raise revenues through enhancement of national production and innovativeness. Enhancing public sector’s efficiency and effectiveness will rise of gross savings of Egypt (Helmy, 2015). The decline within the national savings and the limitation of the Egyptian government capabilities to fulfill the national financial needs are considered to be main resulting from the poor managerial capabilities of the governmental officials in the directing of the national income and in the formulation of an effective reformation process within the public sector agencies (Galal, 1996). The following study focused it analysis on Egypt, as well as Three of the MENA Region Countries, which are Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Israel. I addition, the time frame of the analysis had been focused on the period between 2000 till 010, which had been chosen to avoid the impact of the Egyptian evolution and the Arab Spring on the National and the Arabian economies. The aim of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis for national savings of Egypt and MENA Countries, while highlighting strategies that MENA Countries followed for attaining high saving rates. The research argues that throughout the reformulation of the public administration and the investment policies, the Egyptian government will be able to enhance the national savings, throughout higher revenues and lower expenses.
Description: National gross savings is calculated throughout deducting total national consumption from total national income and net transfers. The rate of savings indicates rate of national gross (Loayza & Hevia, 2011). Throughout analysis of Egyptian gross rate, it ensured that Egyptian gross domestic savings declined from 23.6% in 2008 to 12% in 2014 as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (The World Bank Group, 2016). Egyptian National savings’ decline resulted from various factors, such as; limited production capabilities, limited innovations, and poor public management. Success within national growth requires rising the Egyptian savings with no less than 80 percent (Loayza & Hevia, 2011). Egypt needs to reduce public expenditures to eliminate costs or to raise revenues through enhancement of national production and innovativeness. Enhancing public sector’s efficiency and effectiveness will rise of gross savings of Egypt (Helmy, 2015). The decline within the national savings and the limitation of the Egyptian government capabilities to fulfill the national financial needs are considered to be main resulting from the poor managerial capabilities of the governmental officials in the directing of the national income and in the formulation of an effective reformation process within the public sector agencies (Galal, 1996). The following study focused it analysis on Egypt, as well as Three of the MENA Region Countries, which are Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Israel. I addition, the time frame of the analysis had been focused on the period between 2000 till 010, which had been chosen to avoid the impact of the Egyptian evolution and the Arab Spring on the National and the Arabian economies. The aim of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis for national savings of Egypt and MENA Countries, while highlighting strategies that MENA Countries followed for attaining high saving rates. The research argues that throughout the reformulation of the public administration and the investment policies, the Egyptian government will be able to enhance the national savings, throughout higher revenues and lower expenses.