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Thanks to the internet, everyone now enjoys media freedom: Discuss
challenges and opportunities for journalism
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page 1
Internet
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page 2
Literature review
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page 5
Conclusion
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page 8

Introduction
Journalism involves telling people about what happened
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You
gather the information from various sources, such as interviews, observation and documents
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This usually involves either telling people or informing about an event as soon as it is
unfolding, giving an analysis or your views of an event some time after it has taken place or it
can involve giving people some new information (Niles, 2011)
...
Belonging to a digital culture binds
people more strongly than the territorial adhesives of geography - if all parties are truly
digital
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We now literally have information at our fingertips about any event
tacking place any time anywhere on the global
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Information is flying around the world with the speed
of light owing to internet
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it also has created some challenges for journalists and for journalism as well
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We are first going to understand exactly what is meant by
“internet” and by “media freedom”, by reviewing the relevant literature
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Internet went from a specialized
medium used mostly by university personnel and computer experts to a true mass
medium
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The internet basically consists of what is known as newsgroups
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And,
through the various search engines in existence, such as Google and Yahoo for example, you can
get access to all the news that you want (The Urban Dictionary, 2011)
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Freedom of Media:
Media freedom means that we have a wide range of choices in front of us with regards to the
different types of information that we can possibly consume and there is nothing that is
controlling or restricting our access to any type of information whatsoever
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The
internet has made media more interactive
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(Schultz, 1999)
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On internet
anybody can say anything about any issue
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Readers can help us to understand our subjects matters
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Such is the level of openness and freedom on the internet where everybody can
express
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Overall, the resistance converges many streams of reaction
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Thus
they ascribe to the Internet the very flaws that they find in TV_crudeness, violence, porn,
entertainment for "diverting ourselves to death" and extend to the computer the old and mostly
valid arguments of Neil Postman and Jerry Mander against the idiot box
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Our television, radios, and computers are becoming same and the one
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(Adams & Clark, 2001)
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On the same
note, in a Rasmussen Poll carried in the United States in 2007, sixty-two percent of liberals and
fifty-one percent of conservatives feel that the internet has made a positive impact on journalism
where eighteen percent of liberals and thirty-two percent of conservatives feel that the internet
has made a negative impact on journalism (Caron, 2007)
...
(Beckett, 2008)
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Interactivity
basically means “control over content” (Paulussen, 2004) because as a consumer of the internet
you have a wide range of choices available to you and you can easily choose what you want,

when you want it and how you want it, according to your own needs and interests
...

Multimediality means that text, graphics and sound can all be converted into a common digital
format, which means that in their news stories the journalist can now easily decide where they
would like to place text, where they want images and where they want sound in their news
report, keeping within their given bandwidth limits
...

Another way that the internet has benefited journalism is that the internet has been successful in
reducing the number of gatekeepers to information
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Rosen (2011) further
says that the gatekeepers in the highly capitalized and industrialized societies are usually the
government and the audience was a silent viewer who would just take in whatever information a
professional journalist did, or did not, supply them with
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The internet also allows journalists to get up to date information quite quickly
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Metcalfe and Gascoigne (n
...
) studied how Australian journalists use the
internet and they found that the journalists like the internet because it means that they can obtain
significant amounts of up-to-date information relatively quickly
...
Ingram (2011) says that the internet has greatly
improved our access to information as we now have message boards, online databases and search
engines which can easily provide us with the information we desire
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Regardless of your
geographic location, as a consumer of the internet, you can easily get any kind of information
you want, from anywhere you want it
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The internet provides universal freedom of speech
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the internet has upheld this universal freedom of speech in many cases and this has
influenced journalism
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This was a coup that was taking
place against former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and during this coup there was an

information blackout, however, a computer network by the name of Relcom was somehow able
to come online and provide information to both a Soviet audience and an audience abroad
regarding what events were unfolding in the Soviet Union (Internet Freedom of Speech, 2000)
...
Wimmer (2000) says that even though the internet has not all
of the problems that exist with access to journalism by the audience, the internet has increased
the feedback that journalists receive
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Internet has also introduced a number of challenges for journalism
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O’Dell (2010) says that the internet can lead to
the closure of radio channels and television channels and the internet may turn various print or
radio publications to something virtual or online only
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Rosen (2011)
says that internet has lead to journalists being laid off from their jobs because the internet has
made newsrooms more efficient hence the news organizations are now able to manage with
fewer journalists and because advertising has now become cheaper, many news organizations
can simply no longer afford to hire so many journalists
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The internet has allowed anybody and everybody to become journalist
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Carr (2011) acknowledges their importance
but at the same time he feels that these volunteer journalists cannot compensate for the in-depth
reporting and analysis that only a journalist can provide
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Mosca (2007) studied how internet communication affects different targets, as part of his study
on the relationship of the internet with social movements
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Firstly, “description bias could be limited” (Mosca,
2007) due to the internet because journalists now have more sources of information available to
them, it is easier for them to obtain different points of views even on the same issue
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By offline
information it is meant that news items that are not on the internet, like those that you find in the
newspapers and in the magazines
...
O’Dell (2010) says that bloggers harm journalism because bloggers can post
anything they want about anybody or anything and what they post can have negative
consequences
...
But these amateur journalists or
bloggers do give journalism a bad name plus they make it difficult for the reader to figure out
which is real news and which is just something posted by some random blogger who is not
accountable to anyone
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Ciccone
(2009) says that because bloggers do not follow the same code of ethics as journalists do, what
bloggers have done is ruining journalist’s life and the name of the journalistic profession and, in
the process, they have made it now difficult for people to obtain journalistic jobs
...
This has introduced some
challenges and some opportunities for journalism and the journalistic profession
...
We begin the discussion by going over the
challenges that journalism has introduced for the internet
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For
example CNN (2011) say on their website that they are recruiting people for their “Ireport”
scheme where anyone can send in pictures and videos
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This publication hires an editorial staff, but along with their editorial
staff, they hire volunteer bloggers and unpaid journalists known as “citizen journalists” (Sheck,
2009)
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Shirkey (2010) says that
if the media is bombarded by so many amateurs, the quality of the news content is automatically
going to go down
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Many news agencies have shrunk their staff because they cannot
afford to pay them
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Despite these challenges that the media freedom of the internet has posed journalism, this media
freedom has also manifested a lot of opportunities for journalists
...
Thanks to the internet we have what Knight
(2003) calls “globalized journalism”
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Information and news stories are now available to everyone at one’s
fingertips
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The internet has also reduced the gatekeepers of information
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This meant that a
small group of people controlled what everybody could know, see or hear (Another War on
Terror Blog, 2009) but the internet has broken down this barrier
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And, because of the nature of the internet, the traditional gatekeepers cannot even
control the access to information even
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The internet even gives freedom of speech and this freedom of speech increases opportunities for
journalism because this way we can really figure out what is going on or what really happened
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Sometimes the Chechen’s would say a
Russian convoy was destroyed, something the Russians would deny
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The internet has also allowed for the live discussion of news
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News channels like CNN allow users to email in comments out of which
some are then read out live
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Websites such as Facebook and Twitter also open up more opportunities for journalists because
as soon as an event happens, they can simply upload it to their Facebook or Twitter account
(which they have readers to become a fan of, or follow, respectively)
...
Sonderman (2011) says that some
news organizations actually encourage this, both asking the journalists to post their Twitter and

Facebook accounts at the end of their news stories and by asking the journalists to post more and
interact more, via their Facebook and Twitter accounts
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News stories can include all now – text,
video, voice and graphics
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(Indian Institute of Journalism and New Media, 2011)
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The new media has become public
forum where citizens can disuses
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Mainly because these challenges might, unfortunately, in an extreme case, lead to an
end to the journalistic profession and an end to the concept of a qualified, educated journalist
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And, because we now are able to get our news online
for free and are able to facilitate quicker discussions about the news issues online, along with a
reduction in the price and cost of advertising, quite a number of news organizations are cutting
down on their staff and many newspapers are simply closing down
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Having said that, at the same time, the internet, and its media freedom, has introduced many vast
opportunities for journalists and journalism and the internet has introduced many more
opportunities, than it has challenges, for journalists and journalism
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Thanks to the internet we are finding out information that would have been
impossible without the internet
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At the same time, the gatekeepers to information
have faded away so we no longer have one who decides what, and how much, information that
the many are to receive
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The internet has also
made it possible to find out about any news story in depth, because now we can easily directly
communicate with the journalist, we can communicate with those living through those events,
we can access background information and we can even find out what sources the journalist used

to write their story
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The revolt against Hosni Mubarak is commonly
called internet revolution
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The events in Egypt reflect different roles for different kinds of social
media
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References
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY SERVICES (n
...


Available

from:

http://www
...
net/technotes/introduction
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d) Internet [WWW] Urban Dictionary
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urbandictionary
...
php?term=internet [Assessed 7 November, 2011]

Thierer, A
...
The Battle for Media Freedom, Part 1: What is Media Freedom? [online]
Available

from:

http://mediafreedom
...
2011
...
theatlantic
...
2004
...
indiana
...
html [Assessed 8 November, 2011]

[online]

Thomas, T
...
Al Qaeda and the Internet: The Danger of Cyberplanning [online] Available
from: http://www
...
mil/cgibin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA485810&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc
...
2007
...
eui
...
pdf?sequence=1 [Assessed 8
November, 2011]

Caron, N
...
Journalism and the Internet: Friends or Foes? [online] Avaliable from:
http://www
...
com/article/240230/Journalism_and_the_Internet_Friends_or_Foes
[Assessed 8 November, 2011]

O’Dell
...
2010
...
com/2010/07/23/internet-journalism-survey/ [Assessed 9 November, 2011]

Gascoigne
...
(n
...
) Survey on How Australian Journalists use the Internet
[online]

Available

November, 2011]

from:

http://www
...
com
...
pdf

[Assessed

9

Rosen,

J
...


The

Proposer’s

Opening

Remarks

[online]

Available

http://www
...
com/debate/days/view/720#pro_statement_anchor

from:

[Assessed

9

November, 2011]

Carr,

N
...


The

Opposition’s

Opening

Remarks

[online]

Available

http://www
...
com/debate/days/view/720#con_statement_anchor

from:

[Assessed

9

November, 2011]

Ingram, M
...
Is the Internet Making Journalism Better or Worse? Yes [online] Available
from:

http://gigaom
...
livinginternet
...
htm

[Assessed

10

November, 2011]

O’Dell, J
...
Not all Bloggers are Journalists and Not all Journalists are Jerks [online]
Available from: http://blog
...
com/2010/07/19/the-fourth-estate/ [Assessed 10 November,
2011]

Ciccone, L
...
Should Bloggers be Held to the Same Code of Ethics as Professional
Journalists? [online] Available from: http://www
...
com/debates/251314-should-bloggers-

be-held-to-the-same-code-of-ethics-as-professional-journalists/side_by_side?page=12 [Assessed
10 November, 2011]

Wimmer, T
...
The Changing Role of Journalism in the Internet Era [online] Available from:
http://www
...
wvu
...
html

[Assessed

10

November, 2011]

Knight, A
...
Globalized Journalism in the Internet Age [online] Available from:
http://ejournalist
...
au/v3n2/knightr
...
cnn
...
2010
...
3quarksdaily
...
html

[Assessed

10

November, 2011]

Shirky,

C
...


The

Shock

of

Inclusion

[online]

Available

http://www
...
org/q2010/q10_1
...
2009
...
washingtonpost
...
html
[Assessed 11 November, 2011]

BLOGSPOT (2009) What is an Information Gatekeeper [WWW] Available from:
http://anotherwaronterrorblog
...
com/2009/08/what-is-information-gatekeeper
...


2011
...
about
...
htm [Assessed
11 November, 2011]

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF JOURNALISM AND NEW MEDIA (2010) Online/Multimedia
Journalism Available from:

http://www
...
org/multimedia-journalism
...
centerspan
...
htm [Assessed 11 November, 2011]
Niles,

R
...


What

is

“Journalism”?

[online]

Available

from:http://www
...
com/journalism/ [Assessed 11 November, 2011]

Adams, T
...
(2001)
...

Beckett, C
...
SuperMedia: the future as “networked journalism
...


Craig, R
...
Online journalism: reporting, writing and editing for new media: Wadsworth Pub Co
...
, & Singer, J
...
(2007)
...

Gilder, G
...
Telecosm: angst and awe on the Internet
...

Negroponte, N
...
Beyond digital
...

Schultz, T
...
Interactive options in online journalism: A content analysis of 100 US newspapers
...

Sutter, J
...
(2011)
...
0
...
com, Feb, 21

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