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Biology 111
Chapter 7 Overview

Name:

1
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2
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The process that converts solar energy in chemical energy of carbohydrates
3
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Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food from the substances available
in their surroundings using light or chemical energy
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4
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1
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Photosynthetic organisms harness the energy from the sun and provide gases and
nutrients for heterotrophs
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5
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2
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Describe the chemical equation for photosynthesis as a redox reaction
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Photosynthesis involves the reduction of carbon dioxide into sugars and the oxidation of
water into molecular oxygen
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Describe the function of NADP+/NADPH
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NADPH is the reduced form of NADP+, and NADP+ is the oxidized form of NADPH
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8
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Found that bacteria splits H2S and used the hydrogen atoms to make sugar
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Use the diagram to label and identify the two broad stages of photosynthesis
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Describe the light reactions
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In this process, light energy is converted into chemical energy, in the form of
the energy-carrying molecules ATP and NADPH
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Describe the Calvin Cycle
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12
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The collective term for all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
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13
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6)
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The
photosynthetic pigments in chlorophylls a and b and the carotenoids absorb certain
wavelengths within the visible light
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Page 3 of 6

14
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7
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Energized electrons (replaced by photosystem II by way of the ETC) leave
photosystem I and pass to NADP+, which then combines with H+ becoming NADPH
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What is an Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
Process in a cell that involves the passage of electrons along a series of membranebound electron carrier molecules from a high to a lower energy level; the energy
released is used for the synthesis of ATP
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Describe the cyclic electron pathway using Figure 7
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Why does this occur?
Electrons leave and return to photosystem I
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Only ATP production can
occur as a result of this pathway
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Use the diagram below to describe the internal structure of both mitochondria and
chloroplasts and how they both carry out chemiosmosis
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Describe chemiosmosis
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More specifically, it relates to the generation of ATP by the
movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration or
photosynthesis
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Describe the two ways ATP is produced during photosynthesis
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Solar energy is absorbed, 2
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ATP and NADPH are produced
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Reduced to a carbohydrate (CH2O) by utilizing
ATP and NADPH from the light reactions
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20
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The oxygen
atoms, however, form oxygen gas, which is a waste product of photosynthesis
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22
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Enzyme
catalyzing this step is rubisco, adds a five carbon sugar which then
splits in half later
○ Reduction: each molecule of the carbon receives a phosphate group
from ATP
○ Regeneration: carbon skeletons of five molecules of G3P are
rearranged into three molecules of RuBP and uses three more
molecules to do so which allows it to be ready for CO2 again

23
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What happens to the G3P once it is produced (Figure 7
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The remaining G3P molecules are used in Phase 3

25
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10
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Describe C3 plants
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Plants that carry on photosynthesis
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27
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The stomata close and
the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds the carbon dioxide concentration
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Page 8 of 6

28
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C4 plants form a C4 molecule in a mesophyll cells prior to releasing CO2 to the Calvin
cycle in bundle sheath cells
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How have plants evolved to adapt to different environments on Earth?
○

Plants have evolved to capture solar energy and store it in carbon-based
organic nutrients
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30
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31
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They store the organic acids they make during the night in their vacuoles until
morning, when the stomata close
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32
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Page 9 of 6

Light Reactions:
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●
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Are carried out by molecules in the thylakoid membranes
Convert light energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
Split H20 release O2 to the atmosphere

Calvin cycle reactions:
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●
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Take place in the stoma
Use ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to the sugar G3P
Return ADP, inorganic phosphate, and NADP+ to the light reactions

Page 10 of 6



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