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Companion Breeding and Genetics
Many breeds originate from those selected for usefulness
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Ornamental Fish: Japanese kept goldfish from 16th century
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Today there are over
125 varieties of fancy goldfish
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First different features in Egypt 1900BC
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First companion types from 14th century with development of breeds from 18th century
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Cats: First domesticated 5000 years ago in middle east to control rodents
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Deliberate breeding of pedigree cats started 1850 with the first UK cat show in 1871
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WEIR= “The Standard of Points of Excellence and Beauty”
Rabbits: Kept by romans for food
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10 recognised breeds in 1850
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Reptiles: There is a current increase in the number of UK pets, captive breeding, and desire to obtain ‘morphs’
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Most popular are crested geckos, bearded dragons, crested
geckos, corn snakes, royal pythons and hermann’s tortoises
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Controlled Breeding = Perpetuating existing breeds to establish breed standards, or to develop novel forms
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Can be followed by attempts to ‘fix’ new trait
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*Boston terrier, bulldog and French bulldog bitches require caesarean sections to give birth*
Fixing new traits: After a trait is developed it needs to be fixed (inbreeding)
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Once degree of inbreeding exceeds % it becomes difficult to control unwanted genetic anomalies
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Transgenic animal contains genes from
another species
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Glofish: Genes from jellyfish and sea
anemones for bright colour, Started as environmental monitoring, now popular ornamental fish
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The gene coding for these
glycoproteins can be silenced
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Cloning- Not commercially interesting
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Several breeds in various species have an increased risk of diseases and disorders due to inbreeding
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DNA Marker Tests = Narcolepsy, Haemophilia B, Muscular Dystrophy and Wilson disease
The KC/BVA voluntary screening programmes helps breeders to identify dogs that are clinically free of diseases
including hip dusplasia, inherited eye diseases
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Chiari Malformation and syringomyelia = Small skull, so cerebellum blocks CSF, pressure creates cavities
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95% of cavalier king Charles spaniels effected
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Kidney lesions found with ultrasound
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49% Persian and related cats
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Gangliosidosis GM1/GM2 = Autosomal dominant
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Causes build-up of lipids in CNS
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Norwegian forest cats
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100% mortality between birth and 14 months
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Channel becomes leaky and
makes the muscle overly excitable and contact involuntarily
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Lethal White Overo Syndrome (LWS) = Recessive
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