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Organism - a form of life composed of mutually interdependent parts that maintain various vital
processes
Cell - a usually microscopic structure containing nuclear and cytoplasmic material enclosed by
a semipermeable membrane and, in plants, a cell wall; the basic structural unit of all organisms
Unicellular - having or consisting of a single cell
Multicellular - composed of several or many cells
Homeostasis - the tendency of a system, especially the physiological system of higher
animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response of its parts to any
situation or stimulus that would tend to disturb its normal condition or function
Binomial Nomenclature - A naming system that gives each organism a two-word scientific
name
Species - A group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring
Genus - A group of similar species
Dichotomous Key - A series of questions with two possible answers that is used to identify
organisms
Cladogram - A branched diagram that shows how organisms are related
Classification - the assignment of organisms to groups within a system of categories
distinguished by structure, origin, etc
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An organism has all the characteristics of life
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An organism’s ability to maintain a steady internal environment is called homeostasis
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Living things respond to stimuli in their internal and external environments
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Multicellular organisms have a greater level of organization than unicellular organisms do
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Based on similar structures, Linnaeus classified all organisms into two kingdoms
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The current system of classifying organisms uses molecular analysis and is called systematics
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Scientists still use Linnaeus's naming system called binomial nomenclature to give each
species a name
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Ursus is the brown bear’s genus
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A dichotomous key is a series of questions that helps you identify an unknown organism
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Characteristics of Life
All living things are organized, grow and develop, reproduce, respond, maintain certain
internal conditions, and use energy
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Organization
Whether an organism is made of only one cell - the smallest unit of life - or many cells,
all living things have structures that have specific functions
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Living things that are made of two or more cells are called multicellular organisms
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Growth and Development
Living things grow by increasing size or increasing cell number
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Reproduction
Reproduction is the process by which one organism makes one or more new organisms
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Responses to Stimuli
All living things can respond/react to changes in the environment
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Hunger and thirst are examples of internal stimuli
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Homeostasis
An organism’s ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions
change is called homeostasis
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When your outside environment becomes too hot or too cold, your body responds by
sweating, shivering, or changing the flow of blood to maintain a body temperature of
37C
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For most organisms, the energy they use originally came to earth from the sun
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Aristotle placed all organisms into two large groups - plants and animals
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In 1969 an American biologist proposed a five-kingdom system for classifying organisms

that included kingdoms Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
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Systematics uses
all the evidence that is known about organisms to classify them
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Scientific Names
When Linnaeus grouped organisms into kingdoms, he also developed a system for
naming organisms
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A species is a group of organisms that have similar traits and produce fertile offspring
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The second word in a scientific name identifies the species
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Similar genera are grouped into families
and then into orders, classes, phyla, kingdoms, and domains
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Classification Tools
A dichotomous key is a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that can be used to
identify an unknown organism
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A cladogram is a branched diagram that shows the relationships among species
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