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An Overview of Plant and Animal Cells
All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane
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The combination of the cytosol, chromosomes and
organelles creates what we know as the cell cytoplasm
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The main difference is that
eukaryotes have a nucleus, an organelle surrounded by a double membrane
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Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus
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PROKARYOTIC CELLS
These cells tend to be smaller than eukaryotic cells with the smallest being between 1 and 0
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They are of the limit of self-sustainability and are able to maintain an autonomous existence
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Is a bundle of the cell DNA and is not bound by a membrane
(therefore it is not a nucleus)
Ribosomes – These are used for protein synthesis in the cell
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This is a double-membrane bound organelle that contains the
chromosomes
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Eukaryotic cells also have COMPARTMENTALIZATION
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This
allows opposing processes to occur simultaneously but in isolation of each other
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They are part of cellular function as many
membranes have a number of embedded proteins and enzymes
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CELL ENVIRONMENT
The environment a cell lives in is vital to its survival
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It must also be able to remove waste, such as
carbon dioxide
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The plasma membrane interacts the most with the environment the cell is within
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The control of the input and output is known as the RATE LIMIT
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The phospholipid bilayer provides a permeability

barrier than doesn’t hinder gas exchange whereas the embedded proteins allow controlled nutrient
uptake
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A large ratio would be inefficient as it
would take a long period of time for the necessary material to reach the centre of the cell
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However, a large surface area allows faster exchange of a
greater volume of material; so many cells have projections calls microvilli
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There is a limit on the amount of surface area a cell can have
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