Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

GROUP 7
Plastic Ban in Italy

1
...
Sarah Chern
3
...
Suria
5
...
Yan Kei
7
...
Ji Yaoh

Plastic Bag Bans Around the World
Malaysia is not the first country to implement the plastic ban
...
Here are some of
the few countries that has decided to ban plastic bags other than Malaysia
...
Karnataka, India
In March this year, the Indian state of Karnataka completely banned the use of plastic across
the state
...
Since the ban came into
effect four months ago​ 39,000kg of illegal plastic has been seized​ from Bengalaru, the state
capital
...


2
...
Last month, San Francisco joined Los
Angeles and Portland and enforced a ban on styrofoam
...
It’s expanded polystyrene, also known as
thermocol
...
In the US, it's
largely used for packaging eggs, meats and fruit, and so a ban on this particular form of plastic
will have a larger impact that you may first think
...
g
...
The bill was passed
by County Councils, rather than by the state legislature, which was a real victory for the local
grassroots organisations
...
Coles Bay, Tasmania (Australia)
Leading the way back in 2003, Coles Bay, Tasmania was the first town in Australia to ban
disposable plastic bags
...
Ethiopia
In 2011, Ethiopia passed a ban preventing the manufacture and import of disposable (aka single
use) plastic shopping bags
...


5
...
microns!), like the ones handed out by major
supermarkets globally
...

6
...

The resistance to the ban shows just how ingrained plastic and plastic bags are in our
day-to-day habits and highlights the importance of a ban
...
Italy
The only plastic bags that will be available in Italy will soon be biodegradable versions, since a
ban on plastic bags went into place Jan
...
Stores in Italy, which uses 20 billion bags a year
(one-fifth of all European use), will be able to give out their remaining plastic bags, but once
they're gone, they can only offer paper, biodegradable plastic or cloth bags
...

8
...
Instead of plastic bags, paper bags
would be used in these shopping centers
...


9
...
In a country where
billions of plastic bags are used each day, the government's top-down policy move will likely
benefit the country's environment and energy security well before market forces or consumer-led
efforts are able to achieve similar impact
...
025 millimeters thick
...

10
...
4 percent since last year
...
Large retail group Kesko also says that the

sale of reusable bags has boomed
...


Plastic Bag Ban in Malaysia
Since the beginning of 2017, consumers in Selangor were charged if they want plastic bags with
their purchase
...
Saturday has been “No Plastic Bag Day” in Selangor
since 2010, most of the people in the state are already used to the idea that shopping on that day
of the week is different in the sense that they are expected to do a bit more to take care of Mother
Earth
...

The Selangor government has decided that this will be the case seven days a week from Jan 1
...
According to the state government, local council by-laws
have been revised to support this policy and retailers must agree to go plastic-free when applying
for or renewing licences
...
It says over 90% of Selangor residents polled are aware that plastic bags
are harmful to the environment, while 71% reckon that going without plastic once a week is just
not good enough
...

Penang has had a plastic-free policy for retailers for several years
...
20 for per bag, Penang finally took the bold step to by urging ​state government and

supermarkets to take a bold step to change from plastic bags to paper bags or recycled boxes, as
practiced overseas
...
In Perak, there will be a total polystyrene ban from June 2017 and
consumers are requested to bring tiffin carriers or their own containers if they would like to
purchase food
...
Ethylene is derived from natural gas​ and ​petroleum​
...
Color concentrates and other additives are often
used to add tint to the plastic
...


1
...
Billions of bags are used by shoppers in the UK each year and “far
too many of these bags made their way onto the streets and into the countryside as unsightly
litter”
...
They are bad for wildlife
Plastic bags can choke or poison fish, animals and birds, with marine wildlife particularly
vulnerable
...

The RSPB warns that​ birds can mistake the bags for fish or nesting materials
...
When it is buried, ​it gets into soil and slowly release
toxic chemicals
...

If you consider the number of littered plastic bags ranges from 1
...


3
...


4
...
According to some estimates, up
to 100 million barrels of oil are needed to make the world’s plastic bags each year
...


5
...
In the UK, some 16,000 tonnes of waste is sent to landfill each year – where,
according to campaigners, the plastic bags can take 1,000 years to decompose
...
These effects include:
● Direct toxicity, as in the cases of lead, cadmium, and mercury
● Carcinogens, as in the case of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)

● Endocrine disruption, which can lead to cancers, birth defects, immune system
supression and developmental problems in children
...

Examples of plastics contaminating food have been reported with most plastic types, including
Styrene from polystyrene, plasticizers from PVC, antioxidants from polyethylene, and
Acetaldehyde from PET
...
In studies cited in Food Additives and Contaminants, LDPE, HDPE, and
polypropylene bottles released measurable levels of BHT, Chimassorb 81, Irganox PS 800,
Irganix 1076, and Irganox 1010 into their contents of vegetable oil and ethanol
...

Evidence is mounting that the chemical building blocks that make plastics so versatile are the
same components that might harm people and the environment
...
For example:
• Chemicals added to plastics are absorbed by human bodies
...

• Plastic debris, laced with chemicals and often ingested by marine animals, can injure or
poison wildlife
...
For example, phthalates are used as plasticizers in the
manufacture of vinyl flooring and wall coverings, food packaging and medical devices
...

In addition, bisphenol A (BPA), found in polycarbonate bottles and the linings of food and
beverage cans, can leach into food and drinks
...
S
...
The
report noted that the high exposure of premature infants in neonatal intensive care units to both
BPA and phthalates is of “great concern
...
The plastics industry maintains that its products are safe
after decades of testing
...
Stores in Italy, which uses 20 billion bags
a year (one-fifth of all European use), will be able to give out their remaining plastic bags, but
once they're gone, they can only offer paper, biodegradable plastic or cloth bags since 2011
...
1
...

1
...

2
...
Cloth bags
- Seeked by most of the citizens due to its versatility and durability
- However, it is in disadvantage if the individual forgets to bring the bag
...

Biodegradable packaging and biodegradable bags take much less time to break down after being
discarded, if they haven’t been recycled, of course
...

Advantages of biodegradable plastic bags
1
...
It is
an organic compound, which breaks down
...
Biomass
includes trees, plants, grass, and all organic materials that decompose
...


2
...
Also, in this process there are very few greenhouse gas and
harmful carbon emissions
...


3
...
This means that it is possible to make twice the amount of biodegradable packaging
and biodegradable bags using the same amount of energy
...
This means that
they can break down much faster and recycling them takes less energy
...


5
...
Biodegradable plastics are completely safe and do not have any
chemicals or toxins
...
Such
advantages of bioplastics are of extreme importance, as the toxic plastic load on the earth is
growing and at this rate will cause a whole range of problems for future generations
...
Biodegradable plastics reduce dependence on foreign oil
The use of biodegradable plastics will decrease the country’s dependence on other countries for
fossil fuels
...
S
...




---