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Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle and Arm

Deltoid:
Origin: 1
...
Acromion (lateral fibers)
3
...
Flexion of arm @ gleno-humeral joint (anterior fibers)
2
...
Abduction of arm @ shoulder joint (entire muscle)
4
...
Lateral rotation of arm @ shoulder joint (posterior fibers)
6
...
Horizontal Abduction of arm @ shoulder joint (posterior fibers)
Nerve: Axillary nerve (C5, 6)

Subscapularis:
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Function: (1) 1
...
Abduction of arm @ shoulder joint
Nerve: Suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus:
Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Function: (2) 1
...
Horizontal abduction of arm @ shoulder joint
Nerve: Suprascapular nerve

Teres Minor:
Origin: The superior lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Function: (3) 1
...
Extension of arm @ shoulder joint
3
...
Medial rotation of arm @ shoulder joint
2
...
Adduction of arm @ shoulder joint
Nerve: Lower subscapular

Biceps brachii:
Origin: Short head: Coracoid process of scapula
Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity and the bicipital aponeurosis
Function: (4) 1
...
Supination of forearm @ radioulnar joint
3
...
Horizontal adduction of arm @ shoulder joint (short head)
Nerve: Musculocutaneous

Coracobrachialis:
Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Middle of the medial shaft of humerus
Function: (3) 1
...
Adduction of arm @ shoulder joint (~)
3
...
Flexion of forearm @ elbow joint
Nerve: Musculocutaneous

Triceps brachii:
Origin: Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral head: Proximal ½ of posterior shaft at humerus
Medial head: Distal ½ of posterior shaft at humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Function: (3) 1
...
Extension of arm @ shoulder joint (Long head)
3
...

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna and proximal of posterior surface of shaft of ulna
...
Extension of forearm @ elbow joint
Nerve: Radial Nerve
Muscles of the Forearm:

Pronator teres:
Origin: Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)
Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: Midlateral surface of radius (pronator tubercle)
Function: (2) 1
...
Flexion of forearm @ elbow joint (~)
Nerve: Median nerve

Flexor carpi radialis (FCR):
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)
Insertion: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Function: (3) 1
...
Flexion of forearm @ elbow joint
3
...
Flexion of hand @ wrist joint
2
...
Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)
2
...
Superior posterior border of ulna
Insertion: 1
...
Hamate
3
...
Flexion of hand @ wrist joint
2
...
Adduction (ulnar deviation) of hand @ wrist joint
Nerve: Ulnar nerve

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS):
Origin: Humeroulnar head: 1
...
Coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: proximal anterior surface of radius (anterior oblique line)
Insertion: Base of middle phalanges of fingers #2-5
Function: (3) 1
...
Flexion of hand @ wrist joint
3
...
Proximal anterior surface of ulna
2
...
Flexion of fingers #2-5 @ MCP, PIP and DIP joints
2
...
Flexion of thumb @ CMC, MCP and IP joint
2
...
Pronation of forearm @ radioulnar joint
Nerve: Median nerve

Brachiaradialis (BR):
Origin: Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: Superior to styloid process of radius
Function: (3) 1
...
Supination of forearm @ radioulnar joint (to mid position)
3
...
Extension of hand @ wrist joint
2
...
Extension of hand @ wrist joint
2
...
Extension of fingers #2-5 @ MCP, PIP and DIP joints
2
...
Extension of finger #5 @ MCP, PIP, and DIP joints
2
...
Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)
2
...
Extension of hand @ wrist joint
2
...
Supination of forearm @ radioulnar joint
Nerve: Radial Nerve

Abductor pollicis longus (APL):
Origin: The middle of posterior surface of radius, ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal
Function: (3) 1
...
Extention of thumb @ CMC joint
3
...
Extension of thumb @ CMC and MCP joints
2
...
Extension of thumb @ CMC, MCP and IP joints
2
...
Extension of fingers #2 @ MCP, PIP and DIP
2
...
Abduction of thumb @ CMC and MCP joints
Nerve: Median Nerve

Flexor pollicis brevis (FPB):
Origin: Flexor retinaculum and trapezium
Insertion: Lateral (radial) side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function: (1) 1
...
Opposition of thumb @ CMC joint
Nerve: Median nerve

Palmaris brevis (PB):
Origin: Palmer aponeurosis
Insertion: Skin of the medial side of the hand
Function: Wrinkles the skin (improve grip)
Nerve: Ulnar Nerve

Abductor digiti minimi (manus) (ADM):
Origin: Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
Insertion: Medial (ulnar) side of proximal base of phalanx of 5th finger
Function: (1) 1
...
Flexion of finger #5 @ MCP joint
Nerve: Ulnar nerve

Opponens digiti minimi (manus):
Origin: Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
Insertion: Medial side of 5th metacarpal
Function: Opposition of 5th digit @ CMC joint
Nerve: Ulnar nerve

Adductor pollicis (AP):
Origin: Oblique head: Bases of the 2 nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate
Transverse head: Anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal bone
Insertion: Both heads: Medial side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb (tendon of the muscle contains a
sesamoid bone)
Function: (1) 1
...

Nerve: Ulnar nerve

Lumberical group (manus):
Origin: Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) of each finger
Insertion: Dorsal digital expansion of four medial fingers
Lumbrical #1: into the tendon of the index finger (#2)
Lumbrical #2: into the tendon of the middle finger (#3)
Lumbrical #3: into the tendon of the ring finger (#4)
Lumbrical #4: into the tendon of the pinky finger (#5)
Function: (2) 1
...
Extension of fingers #2-5 @ PIP and DIP joints
Nerve: Lumbrical #1 and 2 – Median nerve
Lumbrical #3 and 4 – Ulnar nerve

Dorsal interossei muscles (manus):
Origin: Adjacent sides of metacarpals
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanges and dorsal digital expansion of fingers #2, 3 and 4
Dorsal interosseous #1: to the lateral side of the index finger (#2)
Dorsal interosseous #2: to the lateral side of the middle finger (#3)
Dorsal interosseous #3: to the medial side of the middle finger (#3)
Dorsal interosseous #4: to the medial side of the ring finger (#4)
Function: (3) 1
...
Flexion of fingers #2-4 @ MCP joints
3

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