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Reisa Matsuda
Class 1B Chaiken
5/15/13
Alfred Wallace Research
Alfred Russel Wallace worked out the theory of natural selection; he wrote down his
idea and sent it to Darwin, who had been contemplating a similar theory
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Wallace was born in Usk, Monmouthshire to middle-class parents
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He worked as a surveyor
before traveling to the Amazon to collect specimens and to work as a naturalist
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Darwin was horrified of seeing a similar theory, and being robbed of glory
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Wallace had sent his paper to Darwin to help get it published, but Darwin's paper
was read first at the meeting and he is now known as the man who came up with
the idea of natural selection
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The book
reveals what an advanced thinker Wallace was
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Darwin studied at Edinburgh University
initially planning to follow a medical career, but later switched to divinity at
Cambridge
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Alfred Russel Wallace had also developed similar ideas, and the two made a joint
announcement of their discovery in 1858
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Although Darwin was attacked particularly by the Church at first, his ideas
soon became the new orthodoxy
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short monograph, Experiments with Plant Hybrids, in which Mendel described
how traits were inherited, has become one of the most enduring and influential
publications in the history of science

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first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living
thing

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was not a world-renowned scientist of his day
Augustinian monk who taught natural science to high school students
ideas had been published in 1866 but largely went unrecognized until 1900
idea of dominance and segregation of genes
basic laws of heredity:
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hereditary factors do not combine, but are passed intact

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each member of the parental generation transmits only half of its
hereditary factors to each offspring (with certain factors "dominant" over
others)

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different offspring of the same parents receive different sets of hereditary
factors

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Through the selective cross-breeding of common pea plants (Pisum sativum)
over many generations, Mendel discovered that certain traits show up in
offspring without any blending of parent characteristics
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accessexcellence
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php
http://anthro
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edu/mendel/mendel_1
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But, other early evolutionists such as Darwin regarded
Lamarck as a great zoologist and a forerunner of evolution
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Jean Baptiste Pierre
Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck was the youngest of eleven children of his
family, born on August 1, 1744, in the village of Bazentin-le-Petit in the north of
France
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Due
to an injury, he was forced to leave the army, and started working as a bank clerk in
Paris
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Soon after, Lamarck was appointed an assistant botanist at the royal botanical
garden, the Jardin des Plantes, which was also a center for medical education and
biological research
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In addition to Lamarck's contributions to evolutionary theory,
he made great advancements with classifications of invertebrates: he was the first
to separate the Crustacea, Arachnida, and Annelida from "Insecta
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He also wrote papers on physics and meteorology, including some
annual compilations of weather data
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Despite her key experimental work,
the prize could not be received posthumously due to Franklin’s death in 1958
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Francis Harry Compton Crick

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born on 8 June 1916 near Northampton
studied physics at University College, London
changed from physics to biology and in 1947
was working at the Medical Research Council unit at the Cavendish Laboratory
in Cambridge by 1949

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continued to work in genetics and then moved into brain research, became
professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California
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April 1953: they published the news of their discovery, a molecular structure of
DNA/the double helix
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