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Title: Physics AQA particles and radiation
Description: Perfect for those who are doing AQA physics. This is the first part of many. These notes were made using the specification and the book. Hope they're helpful :)
Description: Perfect for those who are doing AQA physics. This is the first part of many. These notes were made using the specification and the book. Hope they're helpful :)
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Physics Mr Rockett – Revision
Constituents of the atom – 3
...
1
...
What is an isotope?
Every atom of a given element has the same number of protons as any other
atom of the same element
...
The atoms
of an element can have different numbers of neutrons
...
Definition of an isotope – An atom that has the same number of protons but a different
number of neutrons
...
And is labelled using the isotope notation
...
Specific charge = charge in coulombs/mass in kg
The specific charge of a particle is defined as its charge divided by its mass
...
Stable and unstable nuclei – 3
...
1
...
The strong nuclear
force has a attraction to the other particles in
the nucleus of 0
...
0fm
...
5fm it
has a high repulsion to stop the attraction
bonding the protons together
...
After 3fm the strong nuclear force
drops rapidly to zero
...
α42 – this is an alpha particle it contains 2
protons and 2 neutrons
...
U 238 > 234 Th + α 4
92
90
2
Beta Minus emission –
Beta minus emission occurs in neutron rich isotopes
...
This means the
proton number is increased BY ONE, and the mass number STAYS THE SAME
...
Beta plus emission is when a POSITIVE
ELECTRON
is emitted
...
Therefore, the neutrino was hypothesised to
conserve work amongst the law of conservation of energy
...
Particles, Antiparticles and photons – 3
...
1
...
63x10^-34), f = frequency |
c = fλ
|c = speed of light (3x10^8), f = frequency, λ = wavelength |
the power of a beam = nhf | n = number of photons in a beam passed a fixed point, h =
Planck’s constant, f = frequency|
Electromagnetic waves are emitted by a charged particle when it loses energy
...
For every type of particle there is a corresponding antiparticle with the same mass and rest
energy but opposite charge
...
The gamma ray must have a higher
energy than the rest mass of the two particles
...
Annihilation
This is the opposite of pair production
...
In the
case of a positron – electron colliding they get converted
into two gamma rays
...
2hfmin = 2E0 This means that the total energy of the two photons is
equal to the total rest energy of the two particles that are annihilating
each other
...
β+ This is a beta particle
...
2
...
4–
W bosons – have a very high mass, a very short range and life time
...
Electromagnetic repulsion –
The gamma ray is a virtual photon which is representing
electromagnetic repulsion
...
Electron Capture –
This is when an electron collides with a proton
...
Beta minus decay
Beta plus decay
Title: Physics AQA particles and radiation
Description: Perfect for those who are doing AQA physics. This is the first part of many. These notes were made using the specification and the book. Hope they're helpful :)
Description: Perfect for those who are doing AQA physics. This is the first part of many. These notes were made using the specification and the book. Hope they're helpful :)