Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Summary: Chapter I
On a cold day in April of 1984, a man named Winston Smith returns to his home,
a dilapidated apartment building called Victory Mansions
...
The elevator is always out of service so he
does not try to use it
...
”
Winston is an insignificant official in the Party, the totalitarian political regime
that rules all of Airstrip One—the land that used to be called England—as part
of the larger state of Oceania
...
In his
apartment, an instrument called a telescreen—which is always on, spouting
propaganda, and through which the Thought Police are known to monitor the
actions of citizens—shows a dreary report about pig iron
...
From his window he sees the Ministry of Truth, where he
works as a propaganda officer altering historical records to match the Party’s
official version of past events
...

WAR IS PEACE
FREEDOM IS SLAVERY
IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH
From a drawer in a little alcove hidden from the telescreen, Winston pulls out a
small diary he recently purchased
...
The proles, as they are called, are so impoverished and insignificant
that the Party does not consider them a threat to its power
...
He describes the films he watched the night before
...
Winston
remembers the moment before that day’s Two Minutes Hate, an assembly during
which Party orators whip the populace into a frenzy of hatred against the
enemies of Oceania
...

Winston looks down and realizes that he has written “DOWN WITH BIG
BROTHER” over and over again in his diary
...
Just then, there is a knock at the door
...
However, it is only Mrs
...
In Mrs
...

The Junior Spies is an organization of children who monitor adults for disloyalty
to the Party, and frequently succeed in catching them—Mrs
...
The children are very agitated because their
mother won’t let them go to a public hanging of some of the Party’s political
enemies in the park that evening
...
” Winston writes in his diary that
his thoughtcrime makes him a dead man, then he hides the book
...
He feels strangely
responsible for his mother’s disappearance in a political purge almost twenty
years ago
...
He wakes with the word “Shakespeare” on his
lips, not knowing where it came from
...
It is time for the Physical
Jerks, a round of grotesque exercise
...

Having no physical records such as photographs and documents, he thinks,
makes one’s life lose its outline in one’s memory
...
According
to official history, Oceania has always been at war with Eurasia and in alliance
with Eastasia, but Winston knows that the records have been changed
...

As Winston has these thoughts, a voice from the telescreen suddenly calls out his
name, reprimanding him for not working hard enough at the Physical Jerks
...
He updates Big Brother’s orders and Party records
so that they match new developments—Big Brother can never be wrong
...
This
day, Winston must alter the record of a speech made in December 1983, which
referred to Comrade Withers, one of Big Brother’s former officials who has since
been vaporized
...

Winston invents a person named Comrade Ogilvy and substitutes him for
Comrade Withers in the records
...
Comrade Withers has become an “unperson:” he has ceased to exist
...

Summary: Chapter V
Winston has lunch with a man named Syme, an intelligent Party member who
works on a revised dictionary of Newspeak, the official language of Oceania
...
If there are no words in a language that are capable of
expressing independent, rebellious thoughts, no one will ever be able to rebel, or
even to conceive of the idea of rebellion
...
Parsons, a pudgy and fervent Party official and
the husband of the woman whose plumbing Winston fixed in Chapter II, comes
into the canteen and elicits a contribution from Winston for neighborhood Hate
Week
...

Suddenly, an exuberant message from the Ministry of Plenty announces
increases in production over the loudspeakers
...
Winston feels that he is being watched; he looks up and
sees the dark-haired girl staring at him
...


Summary: Chapter VI
That evening, Winston records in his diary his memory of his last sexual
encounter, which was with a prole prostitute
...
Winston’s former wife Katherine hated sex, and as soon as they
realized they would never have children, they separated
...
In his diary, he writes that the prole prostitute was
old and ugly, but that he went through with the sex act anyway
...

He still longs to shout profanities at the top of his voice
...
He believes that the Party cannot be destroyed from
within, and that even the Brotherhood, a legendary revolutionary group, lacks
the wherewithal to defeat the mighty Thought Police
...
However, the proles
lead brutish, ignorant, animalistic lives, and lack both the energy and interest to
revolt; most of them do not even understand that the Party is oppressing them
...
The Party claims to have built ideal cities, but
London, where Winston lives, is a wreck: the electricity seldom works, buildings
decay, and people live in poverty and fear
...
The Party’s claims that it
has increased the literacy rate, reduced the infant mortality rate, and given
everyone better food and shelter could all be fantasy
...

In the end the Party would announce that two and two made five, and you would
have to believe it
...
In the mid1960s, a cultural backlash caused the original leaders of the Revolution to be
arrested
...
A song
played—“Under the spreading chestnut tree / I sold you and you sold me”—and
one of the Party members, Rutherford, began to weep
...
Terrified, Winston destroyed the photograph, but it remains
embedded in his memory as a concrete example of Party dishonesty
...
Though
Winston knows almost nothing about O’Brien beyond his name, he is sure that
he detects a strain of independence and rebellion in him, a consciousness of
oppression similar to Winston’s own
...
He believes that true freedom lies in the
ability to interpret reality as one perceives it, to be able to say “2 + 2 = 4
...

Winston goes for a walk through the prole district, and envies the simple lives of
the common people
...
He talks to the old man and tries to ascertain whether, in the days
before the Party, people were really exploited by bloated capitalists, as the Party
records claim
...

Winston laments that the past has been left to the proles, who will inevitably
forget it
...
Charrington, the
proprietor
...
Charrington takes him upstairs to a private room with no
telescreen, where a print of St
...
Clement’s / You
owe me three farthings, say the bells of St
...
”
On the way home, Winston sees a figure in blue Party overalls—the dark-haired
girl, apparently following him
...
He hurries home and decides
that the best thing to do is to commit suicide before the Party catches him
...
He tries to calm himself by thinking about O’Brien and about the place
where there is no darkness that O’Brien mentioned in Winston’s dreams
...

He cannot help but recall the Party slogans: “WAR IS PEACE,” “FREEDOM IS
SLAVERY,” “IGNORANCE I
Summary: Chapter I
At work one morning, Winston walks toward the men’s room and notices the
dark-haired girl with her arm in a sling
...
” Winston tries desperately to
figure out the note’s meaning
...
Before
Winston can fully comprehend this development, Parsons interrupts him with
talk about his preparations for Hate Week
...

After several days of nervous tension during which he does not speak to her,
Winston manages to sit at the same lunchroom table as the girl
...
They meet in the square and witness a convoy of Eurasian prisoners
being tormented by a venomous crowd
...
They manage to hold hands briefly
...
Though he has no
idea what to expect, Winston no longer believes that the dark-haired girl is a spy
...
She tells him that her
name is Julia, and tears off her Junior Anti-Sex League sash
...
Afterward, Winston asks Julia if she has done this before, and she
replies that she has—scores of times
...

Summary: Chapter III
The next morning, Julia makes the practical preparations for their return to
London, and she and Winston head back to their normal lives
...
At a rendezvous in a
ruined church, Julia tells Winston about living in a hostel with thirty other girls,
and about her first illicit sexual encounter
...
She explains to Winston that the Party prohibits sex in order to
channel the sexual frustration of the citizenry into fervent opposition to Party
enemies and impassioned worship of Big Brother
...
He says that it would not have
mattered whether he pushed her or not, because it is impossible to win against
the forces of oppression that govern their lives
...
Charrington’s shop, which he
has rented—foolishly, he thinks—for his affair with Julia
...
Winston and Julia have
been busy with the city’s preparations for Hate Week, and Winston has been
frustrated by their inability to meet
...
Winston wishes that he and Julia could lead a
more leisurely, romantic life, like an old, married couple
...
She puts on makeup, and her beauty
and femininity overwhelm Winston
...
Julia looks
through the room, and notices the paperweight
...
They sing the song about St
...
When
Julia leaves, Winston sits gazing into the crystal paperweight, imagining living
inside it with Julia in an eternal stasis
...
During the preparations for
Hate Week, the city comes alive with the heat of the summer, and even the proles
seem rowdy
...
Winston becomes
increasingly obsessed with the room above Mr
...
He fantasizes that Katherine will die,
which would allow him to marry Julia; he even dreams of altering his identity to
become a prole
...
Winston
is put off by her thoughtless lack of concern, and scolds her for being a rebel only
from the waist down
...
During his brief meeting with O’Brien in the hallway at the Ministry of
Truth, Winston is anxious and excited
...
Winston feels that his meeting with O’Brien continues a path
in his life begun the day of his first rebellious thought
...

Though he accepts his fate, he is thrilled to have O’Brien’s address
...
Charrington’s
antiques shop
...
He tells her that he
has been dreaming of his mother, and that until that moment, he has
subconsciously believed that he murdered her
...
He remembers his childhood after
his father left: he, his mother, and his baby sister spent most of their time in
underground shelters hiding from air raids, often going without food
...
He hates the Party for having eliminated human feelings
...

Winston and Julia worry because they know that if they are captured, they will
be tortured and possibly killed, and that renting the room above Mr
...
Fretfully, they reassure one another that although the torture will
undoubtedly make them confess their crimes, it cannot make them stop loving
each other
...

Summary: Chapter VIII
The two take a serious risk by traveling to O’Brien’s together
...

Believing that he is free of the Party’s observation, Winston boldly declares that
he and Julia are enemies of the Party and wish to join the Brotherhood
...
O’Brien gives them wine, and Winston proposes that they drink to the
past
...
O’Brien tells Winston that they might meet
again one day
...
O’Brien fills Winston in on the
missing verses from the St
...
As Winston leaves,
O’Brien turns on the telescreen and returns to his work
...
In the middle of Hate
Week, Oceania has switched enemies and allies in the ongoing war, heaping upon
Winston a tremendous amount of work to compensate for the change
...
Rather, the speaker

says, Oceania is, and always has been, at war with Eastasia
...
Nevertheless, they exhibit full-fledged
hatred for Eastasia
...
Charrington’s, Winston reads through Goldstein’s The
Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, given to him by O’Brien
...
According to the manifesto, Eurasia was
created when Russia subsumed all of Europe, Oceania was created when the
United States absorbed the British Empire, and Eastasia is made up of the
remaining nations
...
Goldstein writes that the war never advances significantly, as no two
allied nations can defeat the third
...
”
As Winston reads, Julia enters the room and flings herself into his arms
...
After half an hour in bed together,
during which they hear the red-armed woman singing outside, Winston reads to
Julia from the book
...
He adds that doublethink allows Inner Party members to be the
most zealous about pursuing the war mentality, even though they know the
falsity of the histories they write
...
His last thought is that “sanity is not statistical
...
Winston looks at the woman through the window,
admires her fertility, and imagines that the proles will one day give rise to a race
of conscious, independent individuals who will throw off the yoke of Party
control
...
Both Winston and Julia say, “We
are the dead,” and out of the shadows a third voice interjects, “You are the
dead
...
Clement’s Church
...
A familiar voice speaks the last lines of the St
...
They smash the
paperweight, and Winston thinks about its smallness
...
Winston becomes disoriented; he cannot tell the time on the oldfashioned clock in the room
...
Charrington

enters the room and orders someone to pick up the shards from the shattered
paperweight
...
Charrington’s voice was the one coming
from the telescreen, and that Mr
...

Summary: Chapter I
Winston sits in a bright, bare cell in which the lights are always on—he has at
last arrived at the place where there is no darkness
...
He has been transferred here from a holding cell in which a huge prole
woman who shares the last name Smith wonders if she is Winston’s mother
...

Ampleforth, a poet whose crime was leaving the word “God” in a Rudyard
Kipling translation, is tossed into the cell
...
Winston
shares his cell with a variety of fellow prisoners, including his flatulent neighbor
Parsons, who was turned in by his own children for committing thoughtcrime
...
His
dreams of the Brotherhood are wrecked when O’Brien, his hoped-for link to the
rebellion, enters his cell
...
O’Brien asserts that Winston has known O’Brien was an
operative all along, and Winston admits that this is true
...

Summary: Chapter II
O’Brien oversees Winston’s prolonged torture sessions
...
As O’Brien increases the pain, Winston agrees to accept that O’Brien is
holding up five fingers, though he knows that O’Brien is actually holding up only
four—he agrees that anything O’Brien wants him to believe is true
...
O’Brien tells Winston that Winston’s
current outlook is insane, but that torture will cure him
...
Who controls the present controls the
past
...
It converts them, and then ensures
that, in the eyes of the people, they cease to exist
...
He begins to understand how to practice
doublethink, refusing to believe memories he knows are real
...
O’Brien tells him that Julia
betrayed him immediately
...
Winston
asks about the Brotherhood, and O’Brien responds that Winston will never know
the answer to that question
...

Summary: Chapter III
After weeks of interrogation and torture, O’Brien tells Winston about the
Party’s motives
...
O’Brien tortures him for this answer, saying that the Party’s only goal is
absolute, endless, and limitless power
...


O’Brien forces Winston to look in a mirror; he has completely deteriorated and
looks gray and skeletal
...
O’Brien replies that Winston knew what would happen the moment he
began his diary
...
However, O’Brien tells Winston not to
worry, as he will soon be cured
...

Summary: Chapter IV
After some time, Winston is transferred to a more comfortable room and the
torture eases
...
He gains weight and is allowed to write on a small slate
...
He writes on his slate “FREEDOM IS
SLAVERY,” “TWO AND TWO MAKE FIVE,” and “GOD IS POWER
...
Though he knows that crying out in this way will
lead O’Brien to torture him, he realizes his deep desire to continue hating the
Party
...

Therefore, when the Party kills him, he will die hating Big Brother—a personal
victory
...
When O’Brien arrives with the guards,

Winston tells him that he hates Big Brother
...
O’Brien then instructs
the guards to take Winston to Room 101
...
He tells Winston that Room 101 contains “the worst thing
in the world
...
O’Brien picks up a cage
full of enormous, squirming rats and places it near Winston
...
With the writhing, starving rats just inches away, Winston cracks
...

O’Brien, satisfied by this betrayal, removes the cage
...
He enjoys a glass of Victory Gin and watches the
telescreen
...
Without
acknowledging it to himself, he can still smell the rats
...
He remembers seeing Julia on a bitter-cold day
that March
...
They acknowledged that they had betrayed one another,
and agreed to meet again, though neither is truly interested in continuing their
relationship
...
He begins to cry
...
He looks up and sees a picture of Big Brother on the telescreen, making
him feel happy and safe
...

And perhaps you might pretend, afterwards, that it was only a trick and that you
just said it to make them stop and didn’t really mean it
...


Themes
The Dangers of Totalitarianism
1984 is a political novel written with the purpose of warning readers in the West
of the dangers of totalitarian government
...
In 1949, the Cold War had not yet escalated, many American
intellectuals supported communism, and the state of diplomacy between
democratic and communist nations was highly ambiguous
...
Orwell,
however, was deeply disturbed by the widespread cruelties and oppressions he
observed in communist countries, and seems to have been particularly concerned
by the role of technology in enabling oppressive governments to monitor and
control their citizens
...
The
title of the novel was meant to indicate to its readers in 1949 that the story
represented a real possibility for the near future: if totalitarianism were not
opposed, the title suggested, some variation of the world described in the novel
could become a reality in only thirty-five years
...
As the novel progresses, the
timidly rebellious Winston Smith sets out to challenge the limits of the Party’s
power, only to discover that its ability to control and enslave its subjects dwarfs
even his most paranoid conceptions of its reach
...

These include:
Psychological Manipulation
The Party barrages its subjects with psychological stimuli designed to overwhelm
the mind’s capacity for independent thought
...
The
telescreens also monitor behavior—everywhere they go, citizens are continuously
reminded, especially by means of the omnipresent signs reading “BIG
BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU,” that the authorities are scrutinizing them
...
The Party
also forces individuals to suppress their sexual desires, treating sex as merely a
procreative duty whose end is the creation of new Party members
...
Many of these enemies
have been invented by the Party expressly for this purpose
...
The Party constantly watches for any sign of disloyalty, to the point
that, as Winston observes, even a tiny facial twitch could lead to an arrest
...
The Party forces its
members to undergo mass morning exercises called the Physical Jerks, and then
to work long, grueling days at government agencies, keeping people in a general
state of exhaustion
...
After being subjected to
weeks of this intense treatment, Winston himself comes to the conclusion that
nothing is more powerful than physical pain—no emotional loyalty or moral
conviction can overcome it
...

Control of Information and History
The Party controls every source of information, managing and rewriting the
content of all newspapers and histories for its own ends
...
As a
result, memories become fuzzy and unreliable, and citizens become perfectly
willing to believe whatever the Party tells them
...
And in controlling the past, the Party can
justify all of its actions in the present
...
Additionally, the Party employs
complicated mechanisms (1984 was written in the era before computers) to exert
large-scale control on economic production and sources of information, and
fearsome machinery to inflict torture upon those it deems enemies
...

Language as Mind Control
One of Orwell’s most important messages in 1984 is that language is of central
importance to human thought because it structures and limits the ideas that
individuals are capable of formulating and expressing
...
This idea manifests itself in the language of Newspeak,
which the Party has introduced to replace English
...

Interestingly, many of Orwell’s ideas about language as a controlling force have
been modified by writers and critics seeking to deal with the legacy of
colonialism
...
Postcolonial writers often
analyze or redress the damage done to local populations by the loss of language
and the attendant loss of culture and historical connection
...
Simply put,
doublethink is the ability to hold two contradictory ideas in one’s mind at the
same time
...
At the Hate Week rally, for instance,
the Party shifts its diplomatic allegiance, so the nation it has been at war with
suddenly becomes its ally, and its former ally becomes its new enemy
...
In the same way, people are able
to accept the Party ministries’ names, though they contradict their functions: the
Ministry of Plenty oversees economic shortages, the Ministry of Peace wages war,
the Ministry of Truth conducts propaganda and historical revisionism, and the
Ministry of Love is the center of the Party’s operations of torture and
punishment
...
The London that Winston Smith
calls home is a dilapidated, rundown city in which buildings are crumbling,
conveniences such as elevators never work, and necessities such as electricity and
plumbing are extremely unreliable
...
One of the themes of 1984, inspired by the
history of twentieth-century communism, is that totalitarian regimes are

viciously effective at enhancing their own power and miserably incompetent at
providing for their citizens
...


Symbols
Big Brother
Throughout London, Winston sees posters showing a man gazing down over the
words “BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU” everywhere he goes
...
The citizens are told that he is the leader of the
nation and the head of the Party, but Winston can never determine whether or
not he actually exists
...
Big Brother also symbolizes the vagueness with which the
higher ranks of the Party present themselves—it is impossible to know who
really rules Oceania, what life is like for the rulers, or why they act as they do
...

The Glass Paperweight and St
...
It becomes nearly impossible for people to question the
Party’s power in the present when they accept what the Party tells them about
the past—that the Party arose to protect them from bloated, oppressive
capitalists, and that the world was far uglier and harsher before the Party came
to power
...
He struggles to recover his
own memories and formulate a larger picture of what has happened to the world
...
Symbolically, when the
Thought Police arrest Winston at last, the paperweight shatters on the floor
...
Clement’s Church in the room that Winston rents above
Mr
...
Winston
associates a song with the picture that ends with the words “Here comes the
chopper to chop off your head!” This is an important foreshadow, as it is the
telescreen hidden behind the picture that ultimately leads the Thought Police to
Winston, symbolizing the Party’s corrupt control of the past
...
” The words first come to him in a dream, and he ponders
them for the rest of the novel
...
The idea
of “the place where there is no darkness” symbolizes Winston’s approach to the
future: possibly because of his intense fatalism (he believes that he is doomed no
matter what he does), he unwisely allows himself to trust O’Brien, even though
inwardly he senses that O’Brien might be a Party operative
...
In their dual capability to blare constant
propaganda and observe citizens, the telescreens also symbolize how totalitarian
government abuses technology for its own ends instead of exploiting its
knowledge to improve civilization
...
Winston sees the prole woman as a prime example of reproductive virility;
he often imagines her giving birth to the future generations that will finally
challenge the Party’s authority
...

1984 is full of images and ideas that do not directly affect the plot, but
nevertheless attain thematic importance
...
Clement’s Church picture and the rhyme associated with it,
the prole woman singing outside the window, and the phrase “the place where
there is no darkness
...
Winston conceives of the singing prole woman as an incubator for future
rebels; she symbolizes for him the eventual overthrow of the Party by the
working class
...
Clement’s Church picture is a double symbol
...
The St
...
Its ending—“Here comes the chopper to chop off your
head!”—foreshadows their eventual capture and torture
...
The phrase “the place where there is no darkness” works as another
symbol of escapist hope throughout the novel, as Winston recalls the dream in
which O’Brien tells him about this place and says that they will meet there one
day
...

2
...
How important is doublethink to the Party’s
control of Oceania? How important is it to Winston’s brainwashing?
One of the most compelling aspects of 1984 is Orwell’s understanding of the roles
that thought and language play in rebellion and control
...
Doublethink, the ability to maintain two
contradictory ideas in one’s head simultaneously and believe them both to be
true, functions as a psychological mechanism that explains people’s willingness to
accept control over their memories and their past
...
The brainwashed populace no
longer recognizes contradictions
...

Emmanuel Goldstein’s manifesto even suggests that doublethink is strongest
among the powerful Inner Party members who convince themselves that they act
for Big Brother, even though they know that Big Brother is a myth
...


3
...
How is she different from
him? How is she similar to him? How does Julia’s age make her attitude toward
the Party very different from Winston’s?
Winston is thirty-nine, and Julia is twenty-six
...
Julia, on the
other hand, is a child of the Party era
...
Like
Winston, she hates the Party and sees through many of its techniques
...

She even has a better intuitive grasp of the Party’s methods than Winston does,
planning their affair and often explaining aspects of the Party to him
...

In stark defiance of Party doctrine, Julia enjoys sex and rebels against the Party
in small ways
...
She has no patience for Winston’s
desire for a categorical, abstract rejection of Party doctrine
...


Important Quotations Explained
1
...
Because it is introduced so early in the novel, this creed
serves as the reader’s first introduction to the idea of doublethink
...

That the national slogan of Oceania is equally contradictory is an important
testament to the power of the Party’s mass campaign of psychological control
...
“Freedom Is Slavery”

because, according to the Party, the man who is independent is doomed to fail
...
“Ignorance Is Strength” because the
inability of the people to recognize these contradictions cements the power of the
authoritarian regime
...

Who controls the past controls the future
...

This Party slogan appears twice in the novel, once in Book One, Chapter III,
when Winston is thinking about the Party’s control of history and memory, and
once in Book Three, Chapter II, when Winston, now a prisoner in the Ministry of
Love, talks to O’Brien about the nature of the past
...
Control of the past ensures control of
the future, because the past can be treated essentially as a set of conditions that
justify or encourage future goals: if the past was idyllic, then people will act to
re-create it; if the past was nightmarish, then people will act to prevent such
circumstances from recurring
...

The Party has complete political power in the present, enabling it to control the
way in which its subjects think about and interpret the past: every history book
reflects Party ideology, and individuals are forbidden from keeping mementos of
their own pasts, such as photographs and documents
...
In the second appearance of this quote, O’Brien tells
Winston that the past has no concrete existence and that it is real only in the
minds of human beings
...

3
...
It was inevitable that they should make that claim sooner or
later: the logic of their position demanded it
...

This quote occurs in Book One, Chapter VII, as Winston looks at a children’s
history book and marvels at the Party’s control of the human mind
...
In this case, Winston
considers the Party’s exploitation of its fearful subjects as a means to suppress
the intellectual notion of objective reality
...
As
Winston thinks, “For, after all, how do we know that two and two make four? Or
that the force of gravity works? Or that the past is unchangeable? If both the
past and the external world exist only in the mind, and if the mind itself is
controllable—what then?” The mathematical sentence 2 + 2 = 5 thus becomes a
motif linked to the theme of psychological independence
...
” The motif comes full circle at the end of the novel after the torture
Winston suffers in the Ministry of Love breaks his soul; he sits at the Chestnut
Tree Café and traces “2 + 2 = 5” in the dust on his table
...

And when memory failed and written records were falsified—when that
happened, the claim of the Party to have improved the conditions of human life
had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, and never again could exist,
any standard against which it could be tested
...
Winston has just had a
frustrating conversation with an old man about life before the Revolution, and he
realizes that the Party has deliberately set out to weaken people’s memories in
order to render them unable to challenge what the Party claims about the
present
...
Rather, the Party uses rewritten history books and
falsified records to prove its good deeds
...

And perhaps you might pretend, afterwards, that it was only a trick and that you
just said it to make them stop and didn’t really mean it
...
At
the time when it happens you do mean it
...
You want it to
happen to the other person
...
All you care
about is yourself
...
She tells him that she wanted her torture to
be shifted to him, and he responds that he felt exactly the same way
...
Soon after
their respective experiences in Room 101, Winston and Julia are set free as they
no longer pose a threat to the Party
...
In the end, the Party proves to Winston and
Julia that no moral conviction or emotional loyalty is strong enough to withstand
torture
...


Winston comes to a similar conclusion during his own stint at the Ministry of
Love, bringing to its culmination the novel’s theme of physical control: control
over the body ultimately grants the Party control over the mind
...

6 “I understand HOW: I do not understand WHY
...
Winston understands how the process of falsifying the past works, yet is
unable to understand why Big Brother would feel the need to change the past in
the first place
...
Always showing Big Brother in a positive
light
...

7“She did not understand that there was no such thing as happiness, that the
only victory lay in the far future, long after you were dead, that from the
moment of declaring war on the Party it was better to think of yourself as a
corpse
...
This quote is essential to the novel
...
This war over the Party would not be won in their life time
...

8“The room was a world, a pocket of the past where extinct animals could
walk
...
This quote refers back from Winston
and Julia’s relationship
...

The room becomes their safe place where they can let their emotions run wild
and ideas consume them
...
” Book 2, Chapter V Page 156
...
Also to
maintain order their Totalitarian Government, they do away with intelligent
people who could possibly stand against the government
...


10 “They can’t get inside of you
...
”

Book 2, Chapter VII Page 166
...
Death is inevitable,
Winston has already accept that fact
...

He’s unlimited, unchallenged, unrestricted thoughts will survive internally in his
mind
...
One does not establish a dictatorship in
order to safeguard a revolution; one makes the revolution in order to establish
the dictatorship
...
The object of
torture is torture
...
” Book 3, Chapter III Page
263
...
Its power is absolute and no one is
able to challenge it
...
There is no other reason
for power except to maintain power
...
” Book 3, Chapter III Page
270
...
While interrogating Winston, O’Brien’s goal is to make him feel
inferior to the point of no hope
...
In this way people the chances of people
challenging Big Brother are lessened
...
” Book 3, Chapter IV Page 281
...
To him, going against Big
Brother was the ultimate liberty in life
...
Even though very few people, if any, would know he
hated Big Brother, it was more a personally accomplishment for him
...
”Thoughtscrime does not entail death: thoughtcrime IS death
...
There was no getting away from the punishment
...

15
...
Who controls the present controls
the past
...

The Party uses this power in order to sway opinion or manipulate the public into
doing things it wants in the future
...
”And when memory failed and written records were falsified—when that
happened, the claim of the Party to have improved the conditions of human life

had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, and never again could exist,
any standard against which it could be tested
...
No matter what you know and believe happened
there is no way of proving it
...
Winston does this every day at his job
...
”Your worst enemy, he reflected, was your nervous system
...
”
(Orwell 57)
The only true way to not show defiance to the Party was to not defy the party
...
Your body is in
control, not your mind
...

18
...
” (Orwell 61)
The Party with newspeak defines the intelligence of the public
...
They are
not competent enough to know that they are being oppressed
...
The Party created a full proof method against rebelling
...
”Just as he had done a few days earlier, he slid a coin out of his pocket and
looked at it
...

Everywhere you looked was the face of Big Brother whether real or not he was
watching every action of the public
...

20
...
O’Brien was a person who could be talked
to… O’Brien had tortured him to the edge of lunacy, and in a little while, it was
certain, he would send him to his death
...
” (Orwell 232)
Winston understands that even though O’Brien is torturing him, he is just
another worker
...
While Winston makes up history O’Brien
finds resistance members
...


21
...
The Party exists
...
”,”Does he exist in the same way as I exist?”,”You do not exist,”said
OBrien
...
He is an idea, a
figure head
...
He controls everything and everyone
without setting a foot on this earth
...
He understands Big Brother’s message and the Party’s
ideals
...
”He had won the victory over himself
...
” (Orwell 245)
Winston understands that at this time in that society it is easier to conform like
everyone else then to rebel
...
He loves Big Brother more than himself now

---