Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

1
...
5 million


...
6 (Violet, Green and Red) by Mark
Rothko

$300m When Will You Marry by Paul
Gauguin

$274m The Card Players by Paul Cézanne

$179
...
4m No 5, 1948 by
Jackson Pollock

$158
...
0m Portrait of
Dr Gachet by
Vincent van Gogh

PALAZZO DI AMORE
• the place for anyone looking to accommodate 150 cars
...
Earlier that day, you came across definitive proof that your best friend’s
spouse-to-be is having an affair with the best man/maid of honor, and you
catch them sneaking out of a room together looking disheveled
...
What do you do? (Source: Listverse)
•

Tell your best friend; sure the day will be ruined, but better a day ruined than an
entire life
...


• You are an eyewitness to a crime: A man has robbed a bank, but instead of
keeping the money for himself, he donates it to a poor orphanage that can
now afford to feed, clothe, and care for its children
...
If you go to the authorities with the information, there’s a good
chance the money will be returned to the bank, leaving a lot of kids in need
...


•

Say nothing since the money went to what you deem a good cause
...
”

METAPHYSICS
• What is time?

• What does it mean for one event to cause another event?
• Could everything exist only in my mind?
• Do I have a soul? Or am I just a material body?

• How am I the same person today that I was yesterday, or
five years ago?

PHILOSOPHY OF MIND

• How is the mind different from the brain?
• Could you replace your brain with a computer while
retaining your identity?
• Are computers alive?
• Can aliens be persons?

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

• What counts as a scientific explanation?

• Is knowing that the sun has risen every day before a good
reason to think it will rise tomorrow?
• What is a theory?

POLITCAL PHILOSPHY

• What is authority? Who has it? Why do they have it?
• What is justice? How do we achieve it?
• Is war ever ethically permissible?
• Why should we obey the law?
• Is the government responsible for promoting equality?

1
...


Humanities

An analogy

Philosophy
the humanistic field that attempts
to resolve fundamental questions
through reason (someone who
“does” philosophy is a philosopher)
Subfields
aesthetics
epistemology
Existentialism
ethics
logic
metaphysics
philosophy of mind
philosophy of science
Political Philosophy

Subfields
aesthetics

epistemology
ethics
history of philosophy
logic
metaphysics
philosophy of language
philosophy of mind
philosophy of religion
philosophy of science
social-political philosophy

WHY STUDY IT?
• Studying philosophy has practical benefits
...
Philosophy majors also have
the second highest acceptance rate to medical school
...


• Studying philosophy also has personal pay-offs
...

• Many students already have philosophical questions but limited tools for
asking and engaging with them
...


DOING PHILOSOPHY (1ST REQUIREMENT)

1
...
”

(General)
fundamental questions, open questions, and/or
questions about the meaning, truth, or logical
relations among our ideas, concepts, beliefs,
assumptions, explanations, and/or theories

FEATURES OF FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS

• Fundamental questions arise in every sphere of
learning (‘Ph
...
’)

• Fundamental questions generally involve logical
questions of principle (i
...
, questions regarding
claims about what must or what must not be the
case among certain ideas, given their logical
relations)
...
e
...

“What is the definition of the word ‘mind’?” (empirical)

“What is the nature of minds?” (nonempirical)

• Fundamental questions arise when there is a
conflict between competing ideas, each of which
can be supported by evidence
...


DOING PHILOSOPHY (2ND REQUIREMENT)

2
...
) to resolve a fundamental
question

Common critical thinking questions:
•

What does ‘x’ mean?

•

Is true?

•

By asserting , aren’t you assuming ?

•

What reasons are there for believing that is true?

argument = claim + evidence

evidence

(premises)

claim
(conclusion)

The universe displays a staggering amount of
intelligibility, both within the things we observe and
in the way these things relate to others outside
themselves
...

Not chance
...


• “Supposing there was no intelligence behind the universe, no
creative mind
...
It is merely that when the atoms inside
my skull happen, for physical or chemical reasons, to arrange
themselves in a certain way, this gives me, as a by-product, the
sensation I call thought
...

But if I can’t trust my own thinking, of course I can’t trust the
arguments leading to Atheism, and therefore have no reason
to be an Atheist, or anything else
...
”

1
...
to be a
?
• Can a computer think?

• Ethics
the study of the concepts and principles that underlie
our evaluations of human actions into the categories of
the morally permissible, the morally impermissible, and
the morally obligatory
• Is adultery every morally permissible?
• Should Jane get an abortion?
• Can a nonhuman animal (or alien) be a person?

• Social-Political philosophy
the study of how society is or ought to be and the
fundamental principles of the state, particularly those
involving justice, authority, liberty, and order
• What is the nature of the relation between
individuals and their society, their state, etc
...
?
• Do we see “representations” of objects or the
objects themselves?
• Is the mind a computer?

• Philosophy of language
the philosophical study of language (its syntax,
semantics, and pragmatics)

•
•
•
•
•
•

What is the nature of language?
How are thought and language related?
What makes a sentence (or word) meaningful?
What makes a true sentence true?
What is the nature of reference?
What is the difference between a sentence and a
statement?

• Philosophy of science
the study of the methods, assumptions, and limits of
scientific practice
• What makes a theory a scientific theory?
• What distinguishes “genuine” science from
pseudoscience?
• Do nonobservable entities (e
...
, quarks) exist?
• Why are the “soft” sciences (e
...
, sociology,
anthropology, etc
...
g
...
)?

• Philosophy of religion
the study of the nature, kinds, and objects of religious
belief
• What does ‘God’ mean?
• Can God’s existence be rationally established?
• Can the conception of God as ‘omnibenevolent’ be
reconciled with the apparent existence of evil?
• How do we reconcile God’s omniscience with the
concepts of sin and punishment?

• Aesthetics
study of the principles that underlie our evaluations of
different art forms
•
•
•
•
•

What is the nature of beauty?
What makes something a work of art?
How should we tell what a work of art represents?
What is the purpose of art?
Why is art important?

• Don’t forget to do your questions
• Go to socrative
...
So whenever you find yourself getting
angry about a difference of opinion, be on your
guard; you will probably find, on examination,
that your belief is going beyond what the
evidence warrants
...
232)



---

Title: What is Philosophy
Description: 50 slide PowerPoint explaining what is philosophy, its origin, branches, approaches, and important philosophers.

Buy These NotesPreview