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CSE 352: HYDRAULICS II

FLOW THROGH COMPOUND PIPES
Sometimes, discharge from one reservoir to another takes place through a pipe line
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This can be in form of
 Compound pipes
 Pipes in parallel
 Branched pipes
 Siphon pipes
Discharge through a compound (pipes in series)
The pipes have different lengths and diameters being connected together
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The new pipe of uniform diameter is called equivalent pipe and its diameter
is called equivalent diameter of the pipe
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K
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Such an arrangement is known as pipes in parallel as shown below

As the pipes are parallel, the loss of head for the pipes will be same and all pipes will discharge
water independently
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That is, if two pipes are parallel
And QT = Q1 + Q2
Discharge through branched pipes from one reservoir to another
Sometimes a pipe is laid partly with an existing pipe to increase the discharge in the lower tank
as shown below
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e
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e
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But in the case ‘b’ the sum of discharge through
the pipes 1 and 2 (Q1 + Q2) is equal to discharge through the pipe 3 (i
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Q3)
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K
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In
such cases, the discharge through pipe 1 (i
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Q1) is equal to the sum of discharge through the
pipes 2 and 3 (i
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Q2 + Q3)
In such cases discharges may be determined by discharge equations through pipes 1 and 2 as
well as 1 and 3
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A nozzle generally
used to have a high velocity of water as it connects pressure head into kinetic head at the outlet
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Velocity of water through a nozzle

From geometry of the pipeline;
A=

a=

And
Q = AV1 and q = av2
Also
Q = q,
Then
AV1= av2 or V1 =
Loss at the outlet =
Total head loss H = loss due to friction + exit loss\

J
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TARAGON 2014

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CSE 352: HYDRAULICS II

Hence
H=
Which gives
V2 =

Transmission of power through a nozzle
Recall

And

=
Power at outlet

Pout =

{hexit =

}

=

=

Since V1 =

Efficiency
Efficiency η

=

Where h is the exit head and H is the initial head
Uses of nozzles: Water hammer
Water, while flowing in a pipe, posses some momentum on account of its motion
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The knocking effect of the water behaves like the hammering process – thus water
hammer
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K
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E =

The strain energy in water is given by
=
Strain energy = kinetic energy i
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J
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TARAGON 2014

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CSE 352: HYDRAULICS II

=

=

Since
Where K is a pipe constant
TUTORIALS
1
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5km long and 400mm with a velocity of 1M/s
diameter
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006
 Chezy’s equation, C=60 and
 Manning’s equation, n=0
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In a hydraulic power scheme, the water is available under a head of 120m and is to be
carried through a pipe of length 800m
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Take f= 0
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A tank 18m long and 15m wide contains 4m deep water
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Take f = 0
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A tank 20 x 20 m contains water 4m deep
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If the value of f is 0
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Two tanks of surface areas 20m2 and 15m2 respectively are connected by a 100m long
pipe and of 100mm diameter
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56 m
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01
6
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The first
1km long pipe is of 600mm diameter and the last 500m long pipe is of 500mm diameter
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009
7
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Find the rate of discharge through the pipe, f = 0
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8
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Find the ratio of their discharge if fills same
for both pipes
9
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From the junction box, two parallel pipes of 1km length and 300mm diameter are
connected to another reservoir whose water level is 10m below the upper reservoir
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015
10
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5m below the first reservoir
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K
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5km long to be connected to the pipe at a distance of 1km from the
entrance
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008

11
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K

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