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Presented by:
Rahul Bhatia
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1

What’s
Geography?

• Geography is from two
Greek words, Geo – Earth,
and Graphien – to write
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• Geography is the one of
the oldest and most
diverse fields of study
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”
• By Hartshorne
“Geography is concerned with
providing accurate, orderly,
and rational description and
interpretation of the variable
character of the earth surface
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These are the physical
characteristics of the environment
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Human groups and our
activities
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• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) –
using computers to help make and
display maps and analyze data
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• All these fields are interrelated
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• Earliest Known mapmaker –
Axanimander(assumed cylindrical
Earth)
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In 150
AD he produced a six-volume atlas
called Geographia containing several
maps of the world known during his
time
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• Does not have abrupt
boundaries
...
g
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It slowly/
gradually goes into the next
region
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Why Death rates are more in tropical Countries?

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11

Climatic Zones

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The Geographic
Grid

• Longitude

– Measures distance east to
west around the globe
beginning at the Prime
Meridian
– 2 most important lines of
longitude: Prime Meridian &
the International Date Line
– 0-180 degrees East or West

• Latitude

– Location on the Earth’s
surface between the equator
and either the north or south
pole
– Also called parallels
– 0-90 degrees North or South

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13

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Important
Parallels of the
Earth

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Time Zones
Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC) is the basis for civil time
today
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• one of the specific regions or
areas -- out of the 24 total
regions in the world -- that are
divided up by longitude
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• It is more commonly associated
with Greenwich, England
where the line passes through
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S
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• Examples are
1
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Sri Lanka(same as India)
3
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Nepal(15 minutes ahead of
India)
5
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Myanmar(+ 6:30 GMT)
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20

INSOLATION

• It can be expanded as
“Incoming Solar Radiation”
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• It absorbs short wavelength
waves and radiated long
wavelength waves
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Atmospheric
Circulations(80%)
2
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The plane by which
Earth circles around the
sun is called the "plane
of the ecliptic
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Subsolar Point
• The angle at which the sun strikes
the earth's surface varies with
season and latitude
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25

Rotation of the
Earth

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27

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SPRING/VERNAL
EQUINOX(21st
or 22nd March)

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SUMMER
SOLSTICE/JUNE
SOLSTICE(21ST
OR 22ND JUNE)

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ANGLE OF DECLINATION  At
Summer solstice

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• On June 21, the summer
solstice and longest day
of the year for the
northern hemisphere,
the day length ranges
from about 13 ½ hours
in Hawaii to 24 hours in
northern Alaska
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•Two or more periods
comprise a geological Era
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•Some periods are divided
into epochs
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Ordovician-Silurian
2
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Permian
4
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CretaceousTertiary

• Big Five mass extinction events
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• Mass extinctions are periods in Earth's
history when abnormally large numbers of
species die out simultaneously or within a
limited time frame
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This along with K-T are two of the
Big Five mass extinctions, each of which
wiped out at least half of all species
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