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Plasmalogen

Plasmalogens are a kind of ether phospholipid with a vinyl ether group at
the sn-1 position and an ester at the sn-2 position
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And the ester gets occupied by polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFAs)
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X denotes for a polar group
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• Distribution of Plasmalogen in our body: ~15-20% of membrane phospholipid are made of
Plasmalogen
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They are
highly concentrated in specialized membranes like sarcolemma and myelin, and in secreted
membranes like synaptic vesicles, secretory granules etc
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• Plasmalogen Biosynthesis: The biosynthesis process for Plasmalogen is shown here in the chart

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Fatty alcohol reductase 1
2
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Alkylglycerone phosphate synthase
4
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Alkyl/acyl glycerophosphate
acyltransferase
6
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Ethanolamine (choline)
phosphotransferase
8
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Phospholipase C and
10
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But how Plasmalogen goes to cytoplasm from ER is not known yet
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The non-vesicular pathways depend on availability of
ATP and the distance it needs to travel
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Structural integrity: It was found that during formation of lipid raft, the amount of Plasmalogen
increases ~30% than normal plasma membrane which helps in cell signaling, cell-cell
interaction, endocytosis and exocytosis
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2
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3
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Pathological condition: Plasmalogen deficiency can cause different types of diseases
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1
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Cells tend to have reduction in number of smaller caveolae,
flattening of clathrin coated pits, dilation of ER and Golgi cisternae due to accumulation of
proteins inside, cholesterol accumulation in perinuclear structures and reduction in rate of
transferrin endocytosis
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2
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It was found that cholesterol trafficking from plasma membrane
to ER or endocytic compartments was effected not the other way around
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Oxidative potential: It was found that in presence of ROS, Plasmalogen deficient cell lines are
more prone to cell death than wild type
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Fatty alcohol accumulation: Due to Plasmalogen storage problem, DHA and AA storage gets
suffered and as a result, fatty alcohol accumulation happens
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Respiratory disease: Low Plasmalogen level in tracheal in infants increases their risk to
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
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As lungs are directly exposed to ROS, smoking is
significantly related to decrease in Plasmalogen
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Neurodegenerative disease: Since brain contains highest amount of Plasmalogen, decrease in
Plasmalogen content is found to be related to different neurodegenerative disease e
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Alzheimer, Parkinson's disease, Neimann Pick Type C, Down syndrome and experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis etc
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Disrupted cell signaling: Plasmalogen helps in cell signaling and decrease in Plasmalogen level
disrupts cell signaling leads to progression of chronic inflammation, metabolic syndrome, type
II diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases
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Thus, Plasmalogen plays a great role in cell membrane construct by providing unique structure,
facilitating signaling processes and protecting membrane lipids from oxidation
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It has function in both organ development and tissue
homeostasis
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Source:
1
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wikipedia
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Functions of plasmalogen lipids in health and disease, Nancy E
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Moserb



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