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Title: Heat: transfer and expansion in solid and liquid
Description: Its gives a detailed explanation on heat, its transfer, expansion and formulas. Its can be used by anybody that need knowledge on heat no matter the class, institution or age.
Description: Its gives a detailed explanation on heat, its transfer, expansion and formulas. Its can be used by anybody that need knowledge on heat no matter the class, institution or age.
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Notes On Heat Energy, Heat Transfer and expansion in solids and liquids
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Heat energy is a type of energy created by the vibration and collision of atoms and molecules
Heat energy is also known as Thermal energy
Its standard unit of measurement is Joule
Other units include calorie and the British thermal unit (BTU)
Heat energy is transferred from hot objects to cooler or cold objects never does the reverse
occurs
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g
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Heat energy is a scalar quantity i
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It has magnitude but no direction
Heat transfer occurs due to the difference in temperature between two objects
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Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object or body
A Thermometer is a device used to measure Temperature example include mercury-in-glass
thermometer
Temperature is measured in degree Celsius(OC), degree Fahrenheit(OF) and Kelvin (K)
Kinetic theory explanation of temperature
Addition of heat to a substance cause an increase in the speed of the motion of the molecules and
hence an increase in the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the substances and thus
increase in temperature
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g
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Expansion of the body
Thermionic emission
Modes of Heat transfer
Conduction: Transfer of heat vibration or movement of the molecules through a material(solid)
Applications:
✓ Use of metals to make cooking utensils
✓ Use of thick clothes to keep warm e
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sweater
✓ The use of tiles and rugs on floors
Convection: Transfer of heat through a fluid(liquid or gas) by movement of the heated fluid
Applications:
✓ Land and sea breeze
✓ Ventilation: circulation of fresh air in a room
Radiation: Process where heat is transferred without heating of the intervening medium e
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sun
rays
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Expansion
✓ Expansion is defined as increase in the size of body or object
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Its unit is K-1 Or OC-1
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Formula for Linear expansivity
𝛼=
L2−L1
=
𝐿1(𝜃2−𝜃1)
𝛼=
L2−L1
𝐿1(∆𝜃)
✓ Where L= Length and (∆𝜃)= change in temperature
Superficial or Area Expansion
✓ Superficial or area expansion is increase in area per unit area per degree rise in temperature
✓ Formula for superficial expansion
𝛽=
A2−A1
𝐴1(𝜃2−𝜃1)
= 𝛽=
A2−A1
𝐴1(∆𝜃)
Where A= Area= Length × breadth=Length × Length and (∆𝜃)= change in temperature
Cubic/volume expansivity
✓ It’s the increase in volume per unit volume per degree rise in temperature
𝑉2−𝑉1
𝑉2−𝑉1
✓ Formula for cubic expansivity
𝛾 = 𝑉1( 𝜃2−𝜃1) = 𝑉1(∆𝜃)
✓ Where V = volume= length × breadth ×height= Length × length × length = L3
Expansion in liquids
✓ Expansion in liquid can be real or apparent
✓ Real cubic expansivity is the increase in volume per unit volume per degree rise in
temperature
✓ Apparent cubic expansivity is the increase in volume per unit volume per degree rise in
temperature when the liquid is heated in an expansible vessel
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g
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Title: Heat: transfer and expansion in solid and liquid
Description: Its gives a detailed explanation on heat, its transfer, expansion and formulas. Its can be used by anybody that need knowledge on heat no matter the class, institution or age.
Description: Its gives a detailed explanation on heat, its transfer, expansion and formulas. Its can be used by anybody that need knowledge on heat no matter the class, institution or age.