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14 Understand Animal Welfare and Breed Development

Evolution and the Development of Animal Breeds!

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Definition of Evolution!
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Evolution are changes over time
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Biological evolution are the changes that occur in
living organisms, this can happen at different scales
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Macroevolution are large changes that
happen over long periods of time that lead to the development of new organisms that can
be considered new species
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Process of Evolution!
• Mutation:!
Evolution starts with a mutation within a species that is then inherited, however some are
somatic mutations (inheritable), by the offspring and over several generations
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Mutations are caused when DNA
gene is damaged or changed which can then lead to the alteration of the genetic message
carried by the gene
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Exposure to chemical or radiation can lead
to the agents within them to breaking down the DNA
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The chance of mutations are relatively low but they can cause
dramatic effects on the behaviour, appearance and physiology of an organism
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• Adaption!
Adaption is a change in structure, function or behaviour which is done by a species or
individual to improve its chance of survival in a specific environment
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The variation that have
proven to be an advantage will tend to spread throughout the population
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It is the process in which by
selectively reproducing variations within the species that have proven beneficial, increase
the chances of the organisms survival
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an example of this
is Charles Darwin's finches, he collect the same species of finch from four different
environment
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Samantha Clark

14 Understand Animal Welfare and Breed Development

Darwin's Theory of Evolution!
In 1859 Charles Darwin released his book The Origin Of Species By Means Of Natural
Selection
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By observing different species, Darwin saw that there is variation in
every population and that within these there was competition for limited resources such as
food, water and shelter from predators
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Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands
during his journey on the HMS beagle
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The species on the islands
resembled those on the South American mainland, but they were also different in many
subtle ways
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Until this point it was universally accepted that species did not
change yet, Darwin's theory challenged that
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For example
humans and apes share a common ancestor that lived millions of years ago
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All the rest of the hominids, including early humans,
became extinct
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it is a the process of a hole species dying out,
it is a pennant process can cannot be undone
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• The birth rates being less than death rate which can eventually lead to extinction e
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the
panda
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• Deforestation is destroyed habitats making resource are low so the native species are
dying out
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• Pesticide used in farming are contaminating food and water sourer which a poising
animals!

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Samantha Clark

14 Understand Animal Welfare and Breed Development

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Samantha Clark

14 Understand Animal Welfare and Breed Development

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Samantha Clark



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