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Title: Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding
Description: Notes on the properties and workings of the three main forms of bonding, they are at a GCSE standard, equivalent to 9th grade in the USA.
Description: Notes on the properties and workings of the three main forms of bonding, they are at a GCSE standard, equivalent to 9th grade in the USA.
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Ionic, Covalent and metallic Bonding, Structure and
Properties
Ionic
-One element will transfer its electrons, to give it a full outer shell, to another element,
to give that a full outer shell
...
e
...
2Na + Cl2 ≫ 2NaCl
!
Isoelectronic- the same number of electrons
Properties:
-Are insulators in solid form as the ions are stuck in position
...
-A lot of energy is needed to break the bonds as they contain many strong ionic bonds
...
Properties:
-Malleable- the ability to be bent or shaped
...
This allows the ions to slide over each other without breaking the
metallic bonds between the metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons
...
-Conduct heat- conduction mainly transfers heat but electrons also get heated and move
around, distributing energy thanks to collisions
...
-Sonorous- free electrons carry sound
...
-Ductile- can be pulled into wire
...
This allows the ions to slide over each other without breaking the
metallic bonds between the metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons
...
Properties (Simple covalent substances)
Poor electrical conductor- there are no free charged particles (ions or electrons) so it
cannot carry current
...
g
...
Low melting point- The force bonding two molecules together is weak (inter molecular
forces)
...
The molecules are split
but covalent bonds stay in-tact
...
Examples- water (H2O), glucose (C6H12O6)
Properties (Giant covalent substances)
Very high melting points - Substances with giant covalent structures have very high
melting points, because a lot of strong covalent bonds must be broken
...
Variable conductivity - Diamond does not conduct electricity
...
Silicon is semi-conductive - that is, midway
between non-conductive and conductive
...
As a result, diamond is very
hard and has a high melting point
...
Graphite- Graphite is a form of carbon in which the carbon atoms form layers
...
It is used in
pencils, and as a dry lubricant
...
Graphite conducts electricity due to its free electrons in between layers
Title: Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding
Description: Notes on the properties and workings of the three main forms of bonding, they are at a GCSE standard, equivalent to 9th grade in the USA.
Description: Notes on the properties and workings of the three main forms of bonding, they are at a GCSE standard, equivalent to 9th grade in the USA.