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The Reactivity Series:
The order of the reactivity is as follows; Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium,
Magnesium, Aluminum, Carbon, Zinc, Iron, Hydrogen, Copper, Silver, Gold
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Displacement reaction is when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal
compound
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If a substance is oxidized, it means it gains oxygen
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For example, in a reaction between (Mg+CuO=MgO+Cu), Mg
becomes oxidized and copper becomes reduced
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A redox
reaction is when both reduction and oxidation occurs
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In the reaction above,
Magnesium is the reducing agent
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Another theory is OILRIG (Oxidation is loss of electrons & Reduction is gain of
electrons)
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Metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series react with water or steam to produce
hydrogen
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If the metal reacts with steam, metal oxide and steam are formed
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1
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Metal + Steam= Metal Oxide + Hydrogen
Potassium, sodium and lithium react vigorously in water
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Calcium, on the other hand, reacts gently with
cold water
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Calcium hydroxide is
formed, a white insoluble solid
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Maybe a few bubbles are given of
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Between
magnesium and steam, Magnesium Oxide and Hydrogen is formed
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Metals above hydrogen react to form salts
and hydrogen
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Using
‘PSL’ is very dangerous but Calcium can be used
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A
colorless MgCl2 or MgSO4 is formed
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A very thin layer of Al2O3 is formed which stops acid getting into
it
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With zinc and iron, they react slowly in cold
acid but more rapidly in heating
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Add a piece of metal into cold water
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2
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If there is a
reaction, it is between magnesium and hydrogen
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If there is not, then heat it and if there is still no reaction, then the metal is
below hydrogen

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