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CJ Macario
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
After the discussion the students will be able to:
1
...
Special senses
-neuronal pathways of olfaction
-neuronal pathway of taste
3
...
Physiology of hearing and balance
General Senses
Senses- is the ability to perceive stimuli, it is a means by
which the brain receives info about the environment
(External) & body (internal)
...
Sensory receptors respond to a stimuli via generation
action potentials
...
Divided into Somatic senses
(Provide sensory info about
the body & environment)
and Visceral Senses (Info on
internal organs and primarily
involving pain and pressure)
...
2
...
Smell, taste, sight, hearing,
and balance
...
Free nerve endings
Most common receptor
Similar to dendrites and
distributed all over the
body
...
2 Types of Pain:
1
...
2
...
Slow conduction of
AP
...
g
...
g
...
Thermoreceptors
Cold and hot receptors
Nociceptors (pain receptors)
Other receptors: Visual (rods and cones): electromagnetic
Suppressing Pain Receptors
Local Anesthesia
-a treatment where chemical anesthetics are injected
near a sensory receptor/ nerve
...
2
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Gate Control Theory of Pain
Olfaction
Olfaction- The sense of smell
...
Olfactory neurons are bipolar neurons within the
Olfactory Epithelium
...
Structures of the tongue
Taste receptors
Also known as
gustatory buds or
taste buds
3
...
The facial nerve carries
taste from the anterior
two-thirds of the tongue
2
...
P242
3
...
Axons pass through to
the Optic nerves to the
optic chiasm
...
Optic tracts from the
chiasm lead to the
thalamus
...
Optic radiation extends
from the thalamus to the
visual cortex in the
Occipital lobe
...
From the
vestibulocochlear nerve,
action potentials travel to
the cochlear nucleus and
onto the cerebral cortex