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“Discuss how social determinants of health and psychological
factors impact on the physical and mental health of an individual”
(Education)

Word Count; 1575

According to The World Health Organisation (WHO, 2017), social determinants “are
the conditions in which people are born, grow, live and age
...
” Education is the main social determinant being focused on in this
assignment
...
This definition is
also supported by the Cambridge Dictionary (2017) which states that health is “the
condition of the body and the degree to which it is free from illness, or the state of
being well”
...
If someone has a good
mental wellbeing, then they will feel relatively confident in themselves and have a
positive self-esteem
...
There are common life
events which can affect wellbeing, including; loss or bereavement, loneliness,
relationship problems, issues at work, or worry about money (MIND, 2016)
...

The biopsychosocial model (Engel, 1977, pg 377-396) proposes that there are
multiple and inter-related causes to all illnesses, and can be roughly categorised into
three main groups; biological causes, psychological causes, environmental or social
causes
...

A key place for a child to shape their general wellbeing is when they attend school,
and this wellbeing can then be influenced by a range of different factors
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When looking at the link between a child’s wellbeing and their educational outcomes,
the Department for Education found that the higher levels of emotional, behavioural,

social and school wellbeing a child had, then the higher levels of academic
achievement they will have in their later life
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According to The Office for National Statistics (2005), children who
are more likely to be excluded are those who have a severe mental health and
wellbeing issues (Gutman and Vorhaus, 2012)
...
This is supported by Current Psychology (Zucchetti et al,
2015) research which examined the direct association between ADHD and children’s
experience of conflict with friends and the mediating role of aggression instability
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Individuals who
come from a more disadvantaged background have factors which can ultimately
affect their education performance, these factors include; socioeconomic status,
family structure, type of school they attend, amount of absences, gender, ethnicity,
geographical location and housing type (Considine, 2001)
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It has also been
predicted that due to the current education trends, younger people are less likely to
graduate from high school than their parents’ generation (Wood, 2013)
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A factor such as education is thought to protect and provide resilience against
dementia related pathology
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Those who spend more years in
education were less likely to suffer from dementia, but it differed when taking into
account the “dose” of education they received
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Children’s development is thought to be influenced by the way in which they live,
work and play, and schooling has been a long-standing concern of mental health
professionals and the way in which they socially and emotionally adjust
...

American Sociological Association (2009) found that well educated individuals are
less likely to be unemployed, and are more likely to be those who have full time jobs
(Ross and Wu, 2009, pg 719-745)
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Around half of all employees ages between
25 and 29 who have no GCSE’s were paid less than £7 an hour, compared to one in
ten of those with degrees of equivalent (Palmer, 2011) Palmer concluded that it is
more beneficial for individuals so stay in education post-16, and preferably post-18,
for them to get a reasonable paid job (Palmer, 2011)
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The evaluation was carried out at the
Centre of Health Studies during class activities between three months in 2009
...
This would causes damage to their health which
can have serious repercussions in the students’ health, the main change to their
health being physical tiredness (Barboza and Soares, 2012, pg 177-183)
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Those who are well-educated are less likely to smoke, or on the
other hand have quit smoking, as well as high levels of education being linked to
physical activity
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Those who heavy

drink may do it due to the temporary relief of stresses it brings
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A study by the American Journal of Public Health (1993, pg 832) concluded that
individuals who dropped out of high school before graduating were more than six
times likely to develop an alcohol disorder or dependence
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When it comes to sex education throughout school, a study found an association
between girls who dislike school and pregnancy
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The lack of expectation of education and training had a
significant link to the increase of pregnancy (Bonell, C et al, 2005, pg 223-230)
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The programme concluded that factors such as a lack of exercise,
poor diet, excess calories, smoking and excess alcohol further affected these issues
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Researchers examined the health and economic impact of the UK becoming
tobacco-free, and they found that if NHS could save as much as £67 million every
year if the smoking rate dropped to 5% across the UK (Smith, 2017)
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Overall, those who are less
educated on factors which are a major part of their life style will have a worse
physical and mental health with negative outcomes
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References;



Atkins, M, Hoagwood, K, Kutash, K, Seidman, E
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Toward the
Integration of Education and Mental Health in Schools
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37 (1-2), Pg
41
...
(2012)
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Acta Scientarium
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

Bonell, C; Allen, E; Strange, V; Copas, A; Oakley, A; Stephenson, J; Johnson,
A
...
The effect of dislike of school on risk of teenage pregnancy: testing
of hypotheses using longitudinal data from a randomised trial of sex
education
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59 (3),
Pg 223-230
...
(2017)
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Available: http://dictionary
...
org/dictionary/english/health
(Accessed 22 May 2017)



Catherine E
...
(2009)
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American Sociological Review
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

Considine, G
...
Factors Influencing the Educational Performance of
Students from Disadvantaged Backgrounds
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sprc
...
edu
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pdf (Accessed 4 May 2017)
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(1993)
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American Journal of
Public Health
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

Engel, G
...
The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for
Biomedicine
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40 (3), Pg 377-396
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What Are The Effects of Education on Health?,
London: Institure of Education, Pg 171-313
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and Vorhaus J
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The Impact of Pupil Behaviour and
Wellbeing on Educational Outcomes
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

MIND
...
How to improve your mental wellbeing
...
mind
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uk/information-support/tips-for-everydayliving/wellbeing/#
...
(2011)
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Available:
http://www
...
org
...
shtml (Accessed 4 May 2017)
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London: Public Health England, Pg 1-12
...
(1995)
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American Sociological Association
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

Smith, M
...
The amount of money the NHS would save if just 5% of the
population smoked
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walesonline
...
uk/news/health/amount-money-nhs-would-save13027264 (Accessed 22 May 2017)



Stephan, B
...
How does education affect associations between
neuropathology and clinical dementia?
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65 (1), A36
...
(2010)
...
Mental Health Practice
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

University of Essex
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What impact does education have on
your wellbeing?
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understandingsociety
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uk/2014/08/11/what-impact-doeseducation-have-on-your-wellbeing (Accessed 4 May 2017)
...
(2017)
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Available:
http://www
...
int/social_determinants/sdh_definition/en/ (Accessed 17
January 2017)



WHO
...
WHO definition of Health
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who
...
html (Accessed 17 January 2017)



Wood, R
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Why Does Education Matter So Much to Health?
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rwjf
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

Zucchetti G; Ortega E; Scholte R; Rabaglietti E
...
The Mediating Role of
Aggressive Behaviour, Emotional and Behavioural Instability on the
Association between ADHD Symptoms and Best Friend Conflicts
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34 (1), 97-111

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