Notesale: Turn your study into money

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War  a  period  of  hostile  relations  between  countries  
 
 
Holy  war  –  using  violence  can  be  sometimes  necessary  in  order  to  defend  a  religion
...
g  
cruscades  
 
Just  war  –  war  is  fought  depending  on  certain  conditions
...
 
 
CoE  and  Catholic  church  accept  that  sometimes  war  is  necessary  to  achieve  peace
...
 
Blessed  are  the  peacemakers,  for  they  will  be  called  sons  of  God’  –  Mathhew  
 
‘If  it  is  possible
...
 
The  ancient  Israelites  often  went  to  war  carrying  the  Ark  of  the  Covenant  into  battle  to  
help  them
...
 However,  this  is  generally  
understood  to  mean  ‘do  not  to  commit  murder’
...
 
“Blessed  are  the  peacemakers,  for  they  shall  be  called  children  of  God
...
”  (Matthew  
5:39)  
When  Jesus  was  arrested  one  of  the  disciples  cut  off  the  ear  of  one  of  the  guards,  he  said  
that  those  who  live  by  the  sword  should  themselves  die  by  the  sword  (Matthew  
26:52)
...
 Christians  
began  to  question  their  responsibility  towards  the  state
...
 
 
St  Thomas  Aquinas’  Just  War  Theory  
In  the  13th  century  St  Thomas  Aquinas  developed  Just  War  Theory:  War  has  to  meet  the  
following  criteria:  
The  proper  authority  should  declare  war  
There  should  be  a  good  reason  for  going  to  war
...
 
War  must  be  the  last  resort
...
 
It  must  be  possible  to  win
...
 
 
The  Crusades  
The  Crusades  were  military  expeditions  undertaken  by  Christians  between  1095  and  1270  
To  recover  the  Holy  Lands  from  Muslim  control
...
 Crusaders  used  the  cross  as  an  
emblem  of  their  cause
...
 
 
Modern  Just  War  Theory  
A  modern  form  of  Just  War  Theory:  
Going  to  war  must  be  in  defense  after  an  unjust  attack
...
 
The  cost  of  rebuilding  the  country  after  the  war  should  be  taken  into  account
...
 
The  force  used  should  be  for  a  good  reason
...
 
They  take  Jesus’  words  literally  when  he  said,  “If  anyone  slaps  you  on  the  right  cheek,  
let  him  slap  your  left  cheek  too
...
 
They  believe  that  evil  can  never  be  overcome  by  weapons  which  harm  and  kill
...
 
Forgiveness  does  not  mean  that  there  should  be  no  punishment  for  wrongdoings
...
 
Christ  –  care  for  the  weak  and  prisoners  everything  you  do  for  them  you  do  for  me
...
 Also  think  
prisoners  should  have  the  right  to  vote
...
 He  has  compassion  for  those  
who  suffer  injustice
...
 

Old  Testament  set  capitol  punishment  as  a  penalty  for  some  crime  ‘whoever  sheds  the  
blood  of  man,  by  man  shall  his  blood  be  shed’  Genesis’  
‘An  eye  for  an  eye’  however  Jesus  overturned  this  with  commands  for  forgiveness
...
 
St  Paul  ‘  do  not  repay  evil  for  evil’-­‐  romans  
‘Vengeance  is  mine  says  the  lord’  Paul  romans  
Xians  believe  in  the  sanctity  of  life  and  only  god  has  the  right  to  take  a  life
...
 
Martin  Luther  King  was  inspired  by  Mahatma  Ghandi
...
 
He  used  speeches,  boycotts  and  sit-­‐ins  and  other  forms  of  peaceful  protest
...
 
"  eye  for  an  eye,  tooth  for  tooth"
...
 
 
Jesus’  teaching  about  punishment  
Love  your  neighbour  –  and  pray  for  those  who  persecute  you  
No  retaliation  -­‐  turn  the  other  cheek  
Do  not  judge  –  lest  you  might  be  judged  
Forgiveness  -­‐  seventy  times  seven  if  necessary  
Prisons  -­‐  “
...
Who  so  ever  is  without  sin,  let  them  be  the  first  to  cast  
the  first  stone!”  John  8  :  3  –  11  
Hypocrisy  -­‐  “Why  do  you  look  at  the  speck  of  dust  in  your  brother’s  eye  and  pay  no  
attention  to  the  plank  in  your  own!”  
 
Elizabeth  Fry  
Elizabeth  Fry  was  a  Quaker  who  during  the  19th  century  worked  to  improve  prison  
conditions
...
 Arguments  for:    Deterrent  -­‐  If  a  
potential  murderer  knew  that  if  they  were  caught  they  would  be  executed,  they  wouldn’t  
do  it
...
   Revenge  -­‐  People  need  

revenge  for  the  death  of  a  murdered  victim
...
 It  is  only  right  that  you  take  a  murderer’s  life  away
...
   Discriminates  against  the  
poor  who  cant  afford  good  lawyers  -­‐  In  the  USA  more  blacks  are  executed  than  whites
...
   
 
 
 
Social  Justice  
Social  justice  refers  to  when  a  society  treats  people  fairly  and  equally  without  
discrimination
...
 
Christians  might  respond  to  social  injustice  by:  
Peaceful  demonstration  
Civil  disobedience  
Campaigning  through  the  media  and  internet  
Martin  Luther  King  Jr  Christian  who  campaigned  against  the  injustice  of  segregation
...
 So  some  
Xian's  think  it  is  right  to  stand  up  against  governments  that  oppress  people
...
 They  do  not  believe  that  other  
should  posses  less  rights  than  others
...
 
 



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