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Practice Lecture Exam 2
Part I: Multiple Choice
1
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A) is the transfer of DNA by mutation
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C) is the transfer of DNA between different genomes
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E) is the transfer of DNA between tumor cells
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Horizontal gene transfer…
A) is the transfer of DNA by mutation
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C) is the transfer of DNA between different genomes
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E) is the transfer of DNA between tumor cells
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Which method of gene transfer involves direct contact between the bacteria?
A) Conjugation
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C) Transformation
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E) None of these
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The end result of F factor mediated conjugation:
A) is that both strains are F+
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C) converts the recipient strain to F+ and the donor to F-
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E) None of the above
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What do transduction, transformation, and conjugation have in common?
A) All require presence of an outside factor to facilitate gene transfer
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C) They all transfer large pieces of DNA into recipient cells
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E) None of the above
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Which type(s) of genetic transfer lead to incorporation of new DNA into the bacterial
chromosome?
I
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Hfr mediated conjugation
III
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Transformation
A) I and II only
B) III and IV only
C) II, III, and IV
D) I, II, III, and IV
E) None of these
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True or False: Conjugation involves direct transfer of genetic material from one
bacterium to another
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True or False: In generalized transduction, random bits of the bacterial chromosome
are packaged in a phage head
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True or False: Horizontal gene transfer may be mediated via conjugation but not
transduction or transformation
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Bacteriophage may be able to infect some strains of bacteria but not others
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Enzymes are composed of _________________ monomers/building blocks
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The portion of the enzyme-substrate complex that is not used up during a chemical
reaction
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What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?
A) Activation energy is raised
B) It loses its shape
C) It can catalyze more reactions
D) Activation energy is lowered
E) It becomes stronger
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Enzymes make reactions go _____ by __________ the activation energy of the
reaction
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Which line on the graph represents a catalyzed
reaction? (See Picture)
A) blue
B) none of the above
C) red
D) both red and blue
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True or False: Enzymes are fatty acid catalysts
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True or False: In catalyzed reactions, the reactants
are converted into products much slower than they would without a catalyst
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True or False: Living cells can rely on high levels of heat as a source of activation
energy
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Defined, a substrate is:
A) C and D
B) None of the above
C) The reactant that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a chemical reaction
D) The product that an enzyme acts on when it catalyzes a chemical reaction
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A) False
B) True
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A) False
B) True
24
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True or False: Every enzyme has an optimal temperature and pH
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What is oxidation?
A) Loss of electrons
B) Loss of hydrogen
C) Gain of hydrogen
D) Gain of electrons
27
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In the reaction 2Ca(s) + O2(g) ------> 2CaO(s), calcium is…
A) reduced
B) electrolyzed
C) synthesized
D) oxidized
E) none of these
29
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Which of the following is true of passive transport?
A) it requires a gradient
B) it uses the cell wall
C) it includes endocytosis
D) it only moves water
31
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Active transport of a substance across a membrane requires:
A) a gradient
B) the expenditure of ATP
C) water
D) diffusion

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33
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Catabolism is a form of metabolism in which _____molecules are converted into
________molecules
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A reduced compound is
A) NAD
B) FAD
C) NADH
D) ADP
36
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Fermentation of a glucose molecule has the potential to produce a net number of
_____ATPs
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Complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration can yield a net output of
_____ATP
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For every one molecule of sugar glucose which is oxidized __________ molecule(s) of
pyruvic acid are produced
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ATP is from which general category of molecules?
A) Polysaccharides
B) Proteins
C) Nucleotides
D) Amino acids
Page 5

41
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Which of the following biological processes will occur under both aerobic and
anaerobic conditions in humans?
A) Krebs Cycle
B) Glycolysis
C) Citric Acid Cycle
D) Fermentation
E) All of these processes in both environments
43
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What is anaerobic respiration?
A) Respiration in an oxygen free environment
B) Respiration in an oxygen rich environment
C) Respiration in a carbon dioxide free environment
D) Respiration in a carbon dioxide rich environment
E) Respiration without water
45
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Which of the following is not a product of fermentation?
A) CO 2
B) O 2
C) Ethanol
D) Lactate
E) All of the above are products of fermentation
47
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Catabolic processes
A) make complex molecules from simpler ones
B) break complex molecules into simpler ones
C) occur only in autotrophs
D) occur only in heterotrophs
E) none of the above

49
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Oxidizing which of the following substances yields the most energy?
A) proteins
B) glucose
C) fatty acids
D) alcohol
E) water
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A) glycolysis; cytoplasm
B) fermentation; cytoplasm
C) the Krebs cycle; matrix of the mitochondrion
D) anaerobic respiration; cytoplasm
E) the respiratory electron transport chain; cristae of the mitochondrion
52
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Pyruvate is oxidized when oxygen is present
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During the oxidation of glucose, a net gain of ATP only occurs under aerobic
conditions
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Which of the following obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic or organic
chemicals?
A) Chemotroph
B) Lithotroph
C) Autotroph
D) Heterotroph
E) Phototroph

Part II: Short Answer
1
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Diagram Glycolysis

3
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Diagram Aerobic Respiration (Acetyl CoA, Krebs Cycle, & ETC)

Page 9

5
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Draw Facilitated Diffusion

7
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Draw Osmosis

Page
10

9
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Draw Conjugation: F+ to F-

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Draw Transduction

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Page
12

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