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Title: Self-Talk in Sport
Description: - Defining self-talk - Key aspects of self-talk - Instructional and motivational self-talk - Aspects of instructional and motivational self-talk - Factors involved with self-talk (personal and situational) - Self-talk techniques - Cognitive restructuring

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Week 5b – Self talk
Self-talk
“a dialogue in which the industry interprets feelings, perceptions, regulates changes, and
gives him/herself instructions and reinforcement” Hackfort & Schwenkmeger, 1993

"
...
, 1993, p
...
2011
• Both instructional & motivational ST help
• Negative ST does not hinder






Week 5b – Self talk
2 factors involved with self-talk
Personal factors;
- Cognitive processing preferences
- Belief in self-talk
- Personality traits
Situational factors;
- Task difficulty
- Match circumstances
- Coaching behaviours
- Change of context

EFFECTS OF PERSONAL AND SITUATIONAL FACTORS;
- Cognitive
- Motivational
- Behavioural
- Affective

How to identify self-talk
- Retrospection
- Questionnaires
- Imagery
- Self-talk log/diary

Self-talk techniques
- Thought stopping
- Cognitive restructuring
- Countering
- Reframing
- Mastery & coping tapes

Thought stopping;
- Awareness of unwanted thoughts
- Use a trigger to interrupt or stop the thoughts (key words such as STOP)
- Needs to distract
E
...

• Practice with imagery;
- Select a typical negative thought
- Try to interrupt the thought with whatever trigger works

Cognitive restructuring
- Record negative thoughts (A), antecedents (B) & effects (C)
- Identify underlying irrational beliefs/thoughts
- Dispute the negative thought
- Replace negative thought with a positive



Title: Self-Talk in Sport
Description: - Defining self-talk - Key aspects of self-talk - Instructional and motivational self-talk - Aspects of instructional and motivational self-talk - Factors involved with self-talk (personal and situational) - Self-talk techniques - Cognitive restructuring