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Week 11a
Motivation 1
“motivation refers to those personality factors, social variables, and/or cognitions that come
into play when a person undertakes a task at which he or she is evaluated, enters into
competition with others, or attempts to attain some standard of excellence”

Intrinsic motives
Extrinsic motives
‘For its own sake’
Where you engage with the objective of
gaining a ‘contingent’ reward (E
...
money,
prizes, social approval, pride, to alleviate
guilt)
For the rewards inherent in the activity

itself (E
...
learning, enjoyment,
participation, personal accomplishment)
Behaviours engaged in to feel competent

and self-determining

Extrinsic factors are driven by factors NOT associated with the pleasure and enjoyment of
simply taking part and acquiring knowledge – there may well however be a degree of choice
associated with some external motived, and hence it is over simplistic to suggest that all
extrinsic motives are negative; the degree of ‘internalisation’ is the critical point
...
g
...


Self determination (meta) theory
Events that occur within the environment:
- Rewards
- Coaching processes
- Goal progress
Needs:
- Autonomy
- Competence
- Relatedness
Intrinsic motivation relates to more internalised motives (autonomy, competence)









Week 11a
Cognitive evaluation theory
• Any ‘events’ that affect individuals’ perceptions of competence and feelings of
autonomy will ultimately affect their intrinsic motivation
- The effect of the social context on IM

• Events = environmental conditions associated with the sport context (rewards,
coaching processes-feedback, communication, and information regarding goals)
- External events
- Intrapersonal events
Internally informational (self-reward)
Internally controlling (self-imposed pressure, guilt, ego involvement)

Basic ‘needs’ theory
• Competence
- The need to experience mastery and to control outcome of behaviours
• Autonomy
- To be self-initiating in regulating one’s actions; to feel that you have control and
choice over engaging in behaviours and the associated outcomes
• Relatedness
- The human need feel connected with significant others, and to feel valued and
supported by them

When basic human needs are satisfied:
- Individuals develop more internalised (self-determined) motives (personal)
- Intrinsic motivation is facilitated
- Well-being is promoted

Developing intrinsic motivation:
• Manipulate effecting ‘events’
- Rewards
- Coaching processes
- Nature of goals
- Promoting relatedness – support

• Promote
- Autonomy
- Competence
- Relatedness





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