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Title: CONTROL STATEMENTS IN C LANGUAGE
Description: 1)if – else statement switch statement for statement while statement. 2)MULTIPLE BRANCHING 3)The SWITCH statement for multiple branching 4)Nesting of Loops
Description: 1)if – else statement switch statement for statement while statement. 2)MULTIPLE BRANCHING 3)The SWITCH statement for multiple branching 4)Nesting of Loops
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CONTROL STATEMENTS
1
...
2
...
3
...
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
For all these example a logical test needs to be carried out at
some particular point within the program
...
This is known as branching
...
(prob 3)
In addition, the program may require that a group of instructions
be executed repeatedly, until some logical condition has been
satisfied
...
(prob 4 and 5)
if – else statement
switch statement
for statement
while statement
Simple if statement
if (
statement1;
statement2;
statement3;
A store gives discount of 5% on purchase of 100 items or more
...
scanf( “%d %f”, &ITEM, &PRICE);
If ( ITEMS > =100)
PRICE = 0
...
;
...
if ( marks > =50)
printf(“student has passed the exam\n”);
else
printf(“student has failed the exam\n”);
...
;
Suppose we wanted student getting 50 also to be shown as passing
...
;
...
;
...
;
...
;
...
;
...
;
...
;
...
“);
Printing floating point values
float priceA, priceB,;
printf(“Please enter the prices of A and B:”);
scanf( “ %f %f” , &priceA, &priceB );
if ( priceA > priceB )
{printf( “\n item A costlier“);
printf( “A costs Rs
...
“, priceA“);
}
else
printf( “\n item A NOT costlier
...
A company conducts two exams for selecting candidates for
interview
...
int marksA, marksB;
printf(“Please enter the marks in paper A and paper B:”);
scanf( “ %d %d” , &marksA, &marksB );
if ( marksA > =60 && marksB >= 50)
printf( “\n Qualified“);
else
printf( “\n Not qualified“);
Improper use of Boolean Operators
Example 2
...
To get qualified, the candidate must get at least 50 in both
paper A and paper B
...
A company conducts two exams for selecting candidates for
interview
...
int marksA, marksB;
printf(“Please enter the marks in paper A and paper B:”);
scanf( “ %d %d” , &marksA, &marksB );
if ( marksA
&& marksB >= 50)
if ( marksA > =50 && marksB >= 50)
printf( “\n Qualified“);
else
printf( “\n Not qualified“);
MULTIPLE BRANCHING
Let us now look at an example where we need multiple
branching
...
if ( marks >= 80)
printf ( “ Grade A \n”);
else
if ( marks >= 65 && marks < 80)
printf ( “ Grade B \n”);
else
if ( marks >= 50 && marks < 65)
printf ( “ Grade C \n”);
else
if ( marks < 50 )
printf ( “ Grade F \n”);
Simplified code !
if ( marks >= 80)
printf ( “ Grade A \n”);
else /* Marks are now less than 80, so no need to check */
if ( marks >= 65)
printf ( “ Grade B \n”);
else
if ( marks >= 50)
printf ( “ Grade C \n”);
else
printf ( “ Grade F \n”);
Exercise:
Compute income tax for a person as per following
table:
income < 1,00,000
: no tax
income between 1,00,000 and
3,00,000
: 10% of income
income between 3,00,000 and
8,00,000
: 20% of income
income above 8,00,000
: 30% of income
The SWITCH statement for
multiple branching
selection is done based on exact integers
(not range)
Example 1 for switch
A company gives bonus to its employees depending on
the category of employees as per following schedule:
Category 1: 20000
Category 2: 15000
Category 3: 10000
Category 4: 5000
We can write a switch statement to implement this
...
The maximum marks for the test is 10
...
We want to print the grade based on following:
marks
10:
9:
8 :
7:
6:
5:
4:
3:
2:
1:
0:
grade
A
A
B
C
D
F
F
F
F
F
F
int marks;
scanf( “ %d “, &marks);
switch (marks)
{
case 10:
case 9: printf( “ grade
break;
case 8: printf( “ grade
break;
case 7: printf( “ grade
break;
case 6: printf( “ grade
break;
default: printf( “ grade
}
= ‘A’ “ );
= ‘B’ “);
= ‘C’ “);
= ‘D’ “);
= ‘F’ “);
Example 2B for switch
Suppose we have a small change in the grading process
marks
10:
9:
8 :
7:
6:
5:
4:
3:
2:
1:
0:
grade
A
B
B
C
D
F
F
F
F
F
F
int marks;
scanf( “ %d “, &marks);
switch (marks)
{
case 10: printf( “ grade
break;
case 9:
case 8: printf( “ grade
break;
case 7: printf( “ grade
break;
case 6: printf( “ grade
break;
default: printf( “ grade
}
= ‘A’ “);
= ‘B’ “);
= ‘C’ “);
= ‘D’ “);
= ‘F’ “);
REPITITION
The real power of computers is in their ability to
repeat an operation or a series of operations
many times
...
The looping can be done for a fixed number of
times,
for loop
or dependent on satisfaction of some condition
while loop
...
;
stmt……;
Steps:
Loop variable is initialized
...
If it is TRUE, statements in loop body are executed
...
Steps repeated till test condition fails
...
#include
+100= %d
...
Find the sum of all odd numbers between 1 and 100
...
h>
int main() {
int val, sum = 0;
for (val = 1;
val < 100; val = val+2)
{
sum = sum + val;
}
printf(“ 1+3+5+
...
h>
int main(void) {
int val , product;
for (val = 1; val < =10; val = val++)
{
product = 8 * val;
printf("8 * “%d “ = “%d\n”, val, product);
}
return 0;
}
Calculating Factorial of a number
6! = 1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6
printf(“enter number\n");
scanf(“n= %d", &n);
answer = 1;
for (index = 1; index<=n; index++)
answer = answer*index;
printf("%d! = %d\n", n, answer);
Example: Reverse order
Print all numbers between 1 and 100 in the reverse
order
...
h>
int main(void) {
int val ;
for (val = 100;
val < =1;
{
printf(“ %d “, val);
}
return 0;
}
val = val--)
Nesting of Loops
You can have another loop inside a loop
...
Say you want to print the pattern
* * * * * * *
* * * * * * *
* * * * * * *
* * * * * * *
int rows = 4;
int numstars = 7;
for (row=1; row<=rows; row++)
{
// Print out the right number of stars
...
printf("\n");
}
Second Pattern:
*
**
***
****
*****
******
Notice that when we print out ith line,
we also want to print i stars on that line
...
………
m = 5;
for (
{
; m !=100 ;
printf(“ m = %d\n”, m);
m = m+5;
}
………
...
)
Title: CONTROL STATEMENTS IN C LANGUAGE
Description: 1)if – else statement switch statement for statement while statement. 2)MULTIPLE BRANCHING 3)The SWITCH statement for multiple branching 4)Nesting of Loops
Description: 1)if – else statement switch statement for statement while statement. 2)MULTIPLE BRANCHING 3)The SWITCH statement for multiple branching 4)Nesting of Loops