Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Chapter 3
 Is it possible to supplement your way to
better performance and health?
 Nutrients and Membrane Transport
 Only section 3
...


Supplements
 Nearly two-thirds of Americans take
nutritional supplements

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...


3
...


3
...


3
...
5 can come
from food)
 Too little leads to
dehydration
 Circulatory system,
maintains blood pressure
 Helps dissolve and
eliminate waste products
 Cooling by evaporation

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 Using sports drinks for hydration is not
always a good choice
 Sports drinks are often high in sugar and
can increase the risk of dehydration

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 Carbohydrates as nutrients
 Carbohydrates:
 main energy source
 Foods rich in carbohydrates: bread, cereal,
pasta, fruits, and vegetables
 Carbohydrates exist as:
 Simple sugars (glucose) enter our system
quickly
 Complex carbohydrates (branching
chains of simple sugars) are digested
more slowly
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 The body digest simple sugars quickly
and easily
 Complex carbohydrates are burned more
slowly
 Processed foods are high in simple sugars
 Excess carbohydrates will get stored for
later use, usually stored as fat

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 Carbohydrates
 Fiber: indigestible complex carbohydrates
 Also called roughage
 Why is fiber an important part of a healthful
diet?
 Essential for large intestine function
 Lowers cholesterol
 Reduces cancer risk
 Whole foods are less processed and high in
fiber
...


3
...


Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 Proteins
 Proteins are made up of amino acids,

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 Proteins are made up of amino acids
 Some amino acids can be produced by us
others we must get from food
 Essential amino acids: we cannot make
these ourselves; must obtain from food
 Complete proteins: contain all the essential
amino acids we need, examples of foods
that contain complete proteins,
 Fish
 Meat
 Eggs
 Yogurt
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 Vegetarians can get all essential amino
acids by combining plant proteins
(a) Lentils are high in lysine and low in valine
...


The side groups of
lysine and valine
are different
...


Valine

Lysine

Valine

Figure 3
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 Fats
 Energy storage molecules
 Gram for gram fat stores twice as much
energy as carbohydrates or protein
 Energy is stored in the chemical bonds of the
fat molecule

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 Foods rich in fat:
 Meat, milk, cheese, vegetable oil, and nuts

 Most mammals (including humans)
store fat just below the skin for:

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 Fats consist of molecule and long
hydrocarbon rich fatty acid tails
...


3
...


Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...


Figure 3
...
1 Nutrients - Macronutrients
 Fats
 Unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are not
bound to as much hydrogen as possible
 Liquid at room temperature
 Most plant fats (oils) are unsaturated or
polyunsaturated
(b) Unsaturated fat
Glycerol

Hydrocarbons (fatty acid tails)
Oil

When carbon atoms
are double-bonded
to each other, each
carbon can bond to
only one hydrogen
...


Fats with many unsaturated
hydrocarbons are kinked
and do not pack tightly
...


Figure 3
...


3
...
g
...


Figure 3
...


3
...


3
...


3
...

 Other vitamins are fat-soluble
 Vitamins A,D,E,K

 Table 3
...


3
...
C helps absorb Iron)
 Why is it better to eat an orange ( or any
other fruit) than to take a vit
...


3
...


3
...
1 shows good sources for certain
minerals and their functions in our body
...
Potassium is important for
water regulation and muscle function
...


Table 3
...


Minerals

Calcium

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...


3
...

 Free radicals can damage cell membranes
and DNA

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Antioxidants
 Processing can remove much of a food’s
nutrition
 Whole foods: foods not stripped of
nutrition by processing
 Rich in complex carbohydrates, vitamins,
minerals, and antioxidants

 Foods rich in antioxidants are: fruits,
vegetables, nuts, grains, dark chocolate
and some meats
...
3
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...
1 Nutrients - Antioxidants
 Do antioxidants slow aging?? Do
antioxidants decrease risk of heart disease
and stroke?? Maybe but no hard
evidence
...


Practice questions
 What is the major difference between
saturated and unsaturated fats? (slide 14)

 Which type of fat (saturated or unsaturated
fats) have carbon double bonds?
 Why is fiber important? List 3 reasons
...


Practice questions
 What happens to fat when it undergoes a
process called hydrogenation?
 Which of the following macromolecules are
hydrophobic?
 Fats (Lipids)
 Carbohydrates
 Proteins

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc
...


Practice questions
 What are some important functions of
Potassium in our body? See table 3
...
1

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc

---