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Study Theme 1: Pregnancy and Nutrition
Breastfeeding
Benefits of Breastfeeding for the Infant

Provides superior nutrition for optimum
growth

Provides adequate water for hydration

Protects against infection and allergies

Promotes bonding and development

Differences between Types of Milk

Protein
Fat

Human milk
Animal milks
correct amount, easy too much, difficult to
to digest
digest
enough essential fatty lacks essential fatty
acids, lipase to digest
acids, no lipase

Infant formula
partly corrected
no lipase

Water

enough

extra needed

may need extra

Anti-infective
properties

present

absent

absent

Breastmilk Composition
 Gestational age at birth (preterm and full term)
 Stage of lactation (colostrum and mature milk)
o Colostrum
 Antibody-rich
Many white cells
 Purgative
Growth factors
Vitamin-A rich
 Protects against infection and allergy
 Clears meconium; helps prevent jaundice
 Helps intestine mature; prevents allergy, intolerance
 Reduces severity of some infection (such as measles and
diarrhoea); prevents vitamin A-related eye diseases
 During a feed (foremilk and hindmilk)
Breastfeeding Reduces the Risk of Chronic Disease
 Breastfeeding decreases the risk of allergic disorders (asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis)
 Breastfeeding decreases the prevalence of obesity in childhood at age five and six years

Benefits of Breastfeeding for the Mother
 Protects mother’s health
 Helps reduces risk of uterine bleeding and helps the uterus to return to its previous size
 Reduces risk of breast and ovarian cancer
 Helps delay a new pregnancy
 Helps a mother return to pre-pregnancy weight
Risk of Bottle Feeding
 More diarrhoea and respiratory infections
 Persistent diarrhoea
 Malnutrition and Vitamin A deficiency
 The baby is more likely to die
 Interferes with bonding
 More allergy and milk intolerance
 Increased risk of some chronic diseases
 Overweight
 Lower scores on intelligence tests
 Increased risk of anaemia, ovarian and breast cancer
 The mother may become pregnant sooner
Benefits of Breastfeeding for the Family
 Better health, nutrition, and well-being
 Economic benefits
o Breastfeeding costs less than artificial feeding
o Breastfeeding results in lower medical care costs
Benefit of Breastfeeding for a hospital
 Warmer and calmer emotional environment
 No nurseries, more hospital space
 Fewer neonatal infections
 Less staff time needed
 Improved hospital image and prestige
 Fewer abandoned children
 Safer in emergencies



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