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Title: heredity
Description: the note is a well detailed summary of heredity(genetics) for year 1 to final year students including researchers.
Description: the note is a well detailed summary of heredity(genetics) for year 1 to final year students including researchers.
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HEREDITY
GENETICS
NJOKU
GODSWILL
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Genetics is the study of heredity and the mechanism of inheritance
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GENE: is the unit of heredity
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CHROMOSOMES: They are protein substances, found in the nucleus of a cell
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They carry the hereditary factors, the genes
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ZYGOTE: It is a fertilized egg cell (2N) formed as a result of the female sex cell
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GAMETES: It is matured sex cells that take part in sexual reproduction
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G the sperm cell and
the egg cell
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HOMOZYGOUS: It is an individual with two similar genes e
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(TT) for two dominant genes or (tt)
for recessive genes
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HETEROZYGOUS: It is an individual with two dissimilar genes e
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(Tt)
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It is a HYBRID
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PHENOTYPE; It is the external appearance of a character
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GENOTYPE: It is the genetic make—up of a character
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DOMINANT CHARACTER: It is the character shown by a hybrid
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RECESSIVE CHARACTER: It is the character, not expressed in a hybrid
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11
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12
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MENDELS EXPERIMENTS;
GREGOR MENDEL, a Roman Catholic was from Austria
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His work is regarded as the
MENDELS FIRST LAW: This is the law of segregation of genes
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These characters of an organism
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MENDELS SECOND LAW: This is the law of independent assortment of genes
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NOTE:
BLOOD GROUP O IS A UNIVERSAL DONOR
BLOOD GROUP AB IS A UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
BLOOD GROUP A HAS ANTIGEN A
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BLOOD GROUP AB HAS ANTIGENS A AND B
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An antigen is a foreign agent, which causes the production of antibodies by the lymphocytes
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Crime detection
2
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Determination of paternity
4
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Blood group
6
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Mutation
8
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Color blindness
10
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FATHER
MOTHER
1 RHD +VE
RHD +VE
2 RHD –VE
RHD -VE
3 RHD –VE
RHD +VE
4 RHD +VE
RHD -VE
The fourth combinations will have a problem and is referred to a RHESUS INCOMPATIBILITY
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This is as a
result of the antibodies (soldiers) against RHD +VE during birth
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It can lead to jaundice or death in white races where it destroys the mother or makes
her childless
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Higher yield
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Early maturity
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Resistance to diseases
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Adaptation to unfavorable conditions
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Blood group
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Sickle cell disease
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Polydactyl (extra fingers or toes)
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Brach dactyl (short fingers or incomplete fingers)
Title: heredity
Description: the note is a well detailed summary of heredity(genetics) for year 1 to final year students including researchers.
Description: the note is a well detailed summary of heredity(genetics) for year 1 to final year students including researchers.