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Attitudes and Values
Introduction
Attitudes may be defined as a disposition to respond positively or negatively to cognitive, affective
and behavioural responses (Zanna and Rempel, 1988; Fishbein and Ajzen, 1976)
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The cognitive component is the storage component where information is stored and
organised
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The behavioural component is
the overt behaviour attached to internal attitudes
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According to Zanna and Rempel (1988) attitudes refers to what one thinks, feelsand behaves
toward an attitude object
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The diagram also indicates that an attitude is a cluster of
beliefs, feelings and behaviour
Meaning of values
What are values? Values are standards of behaviour or guiding principles or rules of life in a
specific society
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A society without values will be a bad
society
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Bring happiness because they direct individuals in decision making
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Empower a person
Bring freedom and empowerment
Create an atmosphere of mutual understanding
Develops sense of protection and care
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Adapts individuals to their societies and encourages them to live in harmony
with others
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Helps individuals to develop understanding, responsibility and integrity
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The early years are the prime for learning values and teaching
children values is a continuous process
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This means that at a very
young age children are very honest
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The factors which influence children to lie include other children, adults and fear of being
punished
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The value of honesty makes one to be respected and appreciated in society
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Maria Montessori says that children must be respected and
children learn to respect if they are respected
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(iii)Discipline
It is very important in building one’s character
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Use examples to help children to understand the importance of discipline
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They should be taught simple words like please, thank you,
sorry, and excuse
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(v) Sharing
It is important for parents and teachers to teach children to share what they have with those around
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Many working parents with single child, who do not have time for their children, try to compensate
it in terms of material things
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A good human being is not egocentric and
sharing things with others makes one to be well settled in society
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Our country needs love
more than there before
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It is the most important quality in human life
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They should be helped to understand that
love produces more love
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Parents and teachers should make children
responsible for their deeds whether good or bad
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This will make the
child not to learn to be blaming others for his mistakes
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This will make the child not to lie
but instead own up his/her actions and help parents and teachers to counsel the child and help
him to reform
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If children don’t learn to forgive they grow up to be bitter
adults and through the act of forgiving children develop the value of compassion
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This will also help them
to acquire the value of kindness
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It is important to help children understand that when their
abilities are challenged and will be disappointed
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(xi) Hard-work
It is important for parents and teachers to teach children to work-hard and to understand that there
is no substitute for hard-work
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This will prepare children to meet life challenges
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The erosion
of values in Kenya is because of erosion of values in the Kenyan families
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It starts at home
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Corrupt families will make a corrupt society
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According to Mahatma Gandhi, “If wealth is lost, nothing is lost, if health is lost something is lost,
and if character is lost everything is lost
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Values enable children to grow and develop well
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Values make children important and valuable
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In Kenya everyone agrees that values have and are
eroding
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Different scenes like
political, social, educational, religious, and economic scenes indicate that values have eroded or
are eroding
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Because of
erosion of values the majority of people in Kenya are living below the poverty line and struggling
to survive
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(ii)
Drug abuse
When young people engage in drugs they get involved in other immoral practices like prostitution
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(iv)
Tribalism
In Kenya there is a lot of tribalism
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(v)
Westernisation
This is about imitating the west for example way of dressing
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They do not have time to
inculcate values in their children
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(viii) Exams oriented education
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This makes
students to engage in exams irregularities
(ix)
Permissiveness in schools
There is a lot of freedom in schools and our society
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Methods of inculcating values
There are different methods of inculcating or teaching values to children
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The best method of teaching children
values is by example
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This means that parents will have to be
careful on how they react in front of children
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This means that parents should control their emotions
when before children
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Parents should also back up what they say with what they do
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Parents
who have strong relations with their children make powerful models
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Children imitate how adults do everything for example speak and act
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This will help children
to explain their mistakes and parents will encourage them to make amends and also acquire the
value of forgiveness
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(iii) Reading story books
They should contain stories with moral lessons
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(iv) Use of appropriate instruction media to inculcate values like television, and music
Parents should monitor what children are exposed to and set necessary restrictions on the sources
that do not support the agreed upon values
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(v) Value oriented education should be made compulsory in all schools
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(vi) Parents and teachers should select values they consider essential and decide how to teach
or inculcate the values to their children
Parents and teachers will then create a social and physical environment that will promote the
inculcation of the values
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(vii) Play and games
Play and games have rules to be followed which help children to acquire important values like
cooperation, self-control, sharing, empathy and honesty
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Educational Sociology
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Click, P
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Administration of programs for young children
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