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Definition of Guidance and Counseling
Introduction
This article defines the meaning of guidance and counseling and describes the similarities and
differences between guidance and counseling
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Guidance is a process of
helping an individual to understand himself or herself and his or her world
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Guidance can also be defined as a process, developmental in nature, by which an individual is
assisted to understand, accept and utilize his or her aptitudes, (natural ability or skill) interests and
attitudinal patterns in relation to his or her aspirations
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From an educational perspective, guidance is a continuing process concerned with
determining and providing for the developmental needs of learners
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In the process, the
counsellor guides the counselee to make alternative choices to cope with or overcome the
problem
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A counsellor is an advisor to another person called a counselee or client
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A counselee is a person who gets help and advice from a counsellor
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The Similarities and Differences between Guidance and Counseling
Guidance and counseling have played at important, role in the human life for many years
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In addition, the knowledge and skills acquired enable the learner
understand and develop coping mechanism so as to face challenges in life
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Counseling is the skilled and principled use of relationships which develop self-knowledge,
emotional acceptance, growth and personal resources
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The counsellor and the counselee consult,
explore, examine, search and discover together the meaning of the problem
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It is
concerned with addressing and resolving specific problems, making decisions, coping with crises,
working through feelings or inner conflicts and improving relationships with others
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Counselling is aimed at enabling the client to achieve better personal adjustment, growth and
maturity by learning to use his/her resources and by developing and exploiting his/her potential
fully
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However, modern definitions
have tried to distinguish the concept of guidance from that of counseling
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Similarities in Guidance and Counseling
1) Both guidance and counseling are processes
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It takes time to guide or counsel a client
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After guiding and
counseling a client, there should be an observable change in behaviour, preferably from
negative to positive, in terms of actions, attitudes, beliefs, values, knowledge and skills
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After a client has gone through the process of
guidance or counseling, he or she is expected to make a decision concerning the issue or
the problem at hand
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4) Guidance and counseling creates awareness or realization by the client of what is
happening in his or her life that requires attention
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The counsellor is expected to show maturity- when handling a client
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Differences between Guidance and Counseling
Though the processes of guidance and counseling have numerous similarities, they also have
distinct differences
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Differences between Guidance and Counseling
Guidance
 One is guided before a problem occurs or helped to
overcome a problem
 Involves giving advice to an individual
 There is room for sympathy
 Involves giving the client a solution
 Counsellor can plead with the client
 Counselor’s knowledge is based on facts,
principles, methods and cognition
 It is less personal and intimate, and is usually

Counseling
 Involves helping an individual to overcome an
existing problem or problems
 Involves listening to the individual
 No room for sympathy but for empathy
 Does not give solutions to client
 Counselor does not plead with the client
 Values and deals with perceptions and
motivation
 It is more personal and less structured, it deals

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structured and more public
It is informative and deductive (logical)
It is counsellor-centered

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with private and confidential matters
It is largely emotional, flexible and less
deductive
it is counselee-centered

Importance of Guidance and Counseling
Guidance and counseling are important processes in all spheres of life, be they socioeconomic,
religious, political or emotional
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They help in Moulding the behaviour of young children by providing them with skills,
awareness and knowledge that enables them to confront their social inadequacies
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They help to relieve stress
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They also help individuals who
view life negatively to start; living positively and to master and manage negative emotions
appropriately
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They are alternatives to corporal punishment in schools
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Help parents handle appropriately the psychological needs of their children
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Help individuals cope with emerging issues in a changing society such as teenage
pregnancies, HIV/ AIDS challenges and drug and substance abuse
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10
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Help individuals to understand
and appreciate the relationship between them and their surroundings
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Improve the self-image of individuals making them realize their potentials
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They orient individuals towards opportunities that are available ones life time
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 Guidance is a process of helping an individual to understand him or herself and his or her
world
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 Guidance and counseling are important in all spheres of life
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America’s Career Resource Network (2006)
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Retrieved February 21, 2006,
from http://www
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org/ncdg
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The ASCA national model:
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