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General Techniques in Counseling
Introduction
By the end of this article, you should be able to explain the general techniques used in counselling
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It should be noted that counselling
techniques can hinder or promote die success of a counselling process
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The following are some techniques that a good counsellor could use when conducting a
counselling session
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The counselee can
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Active listening
Listening is the most important skill of a good counsellor
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This helps die counsellor to enter into a
counselling relationship with the client
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Although active
listening is recommended, it is usually important to start with passive listening
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When the counsellor doesn't understand what the
counsellee is saying, then he or she might ask the client if they would like to explain more about
his or her problem
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 Clarify what the counselee thinks die problem is
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When the client has finished speaking or explaining, the counsellor needs to make sure that the
counsellee knows that he, the counsellor, has understood
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Sometimes a client says something that
shows that an important emotion or a significant action is the cause of the problem
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This gives a chance to the client to give
details of the problem and any clarification needed by the counsellor without making the client
feel that the counsellor is not listening
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Summarizing gives an opportunity for the counsellee to know the
counsellor listened and to be sure of facts presented, and to move the session to another phase
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Evaluation of the counselling process and outcomes is an integral and ongoing part of counselling
therapy
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Different approaches to evaluation emphasize and focus on
different dimensions of the alliance, namely the working relationship between the client and the
counsellor, mutually agreed goals and the counsellor's tasks carried out to achieve the goals
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A client who does not turn up for further counselling can also be contacted,
even though the response rate for this group of clients is low
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The client's views are not definitive evidence of outcome as cheats do not know
what would have happened if they had not seen a counsellor
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They may also be helpful in clarifying those therapeutic methods that are more-acceptable to
clients and the type of treatment that are of most benefit
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Probing and questioning
Probing in counselling means searching or examining the client in detail so that he or she can be
open to the counsellor when answering questions
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The technique of asking good questions provides an opportunity for the client to learn
how to solve his or her own problems
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Questions can be asked in different ways to
obtain different information from the client
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?'
 'How did you get that feeling?'
Interpretation
Interpretation in counselling means understanding clearly what the client says and putting it in the
counsellors own Words
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Listening for feelings further
identifying what the counsellor perceives to be going on beneath the surface of the conversation
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 gives the counsellor a chance to check out his or her perceptions of the client and cither





confirm or modify his or her interpretation
builds trust and rapport because it lets the client know that the counsellor is trying to
understand and accept his oilier feelings
gives the counsellee the chance to express his or her feelings and deal with them
Moves the level of communication beyond the surface to the root cause of the problem
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Ibis is used when a client is tiring to ignore or hide
an aspect about the truth of the situation
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Self-disclosure
Self-disclosure entails the counsellor’s willingness to reveal, to the client his or her own personal
feelings, attitudes, opinions and experiences for the benefit of the client
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Encouragement
The counsellor should encourage and support the client as they move through the counselling
process
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It also motivates the client to open up
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The counsellor should always endeavor to positively
challenge, inspire and encourage clients in order for them to succeed in life
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Reflecting back the meaning of what the client has expressed, either in regard to facts or
feelings, is a useful technique in encouraging the client to continue talking
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This is essential; otherwise the client may not realize the counsellor has
understood
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If he or she makes an inaccurate reflection, die counsellee is likely to correct the
statement and, in doing so, the counsellor and counsellee will both think more clearly about how
they feel about the situation
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 It leaves the choice of the topic 10 the client thus helping him or her to understand his or
her role in the counselling process and achieve a greater self-exploration
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This is because the client requires an
attentive ear, and a humble and discerning heart which wants to hear and understand his or her
plight
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It also gives the client time to think
about what the counsellor has told him or her about the situation at hand, as well as think of the
way forward
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 When reflecting, the counsellor uses his or her own words
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 Teaching involves the ability to coach the client in ways and means of solving his or her
own problems
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 Probing involves searching or examining the client, in detail so he can open up to
thecounsellor
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 Confrontation involves asking a client direct questions so that they can give information
they may not be willing to give freely
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