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Helping Children with Emotional and Developmental Challenges
Introduction
By the end of this article, you should be able to:
 Describe how to identify and refer children with, emotional and developmental challenges
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Children with emotional and environmental challenges have been noted to portray various
behaviours characterized by among others, aggression, bullying withdrawal, thumb sucking and
hyperactivity
...
Aggression can be physical,
mental or verbal
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Aggression is usually characterized by maladaptive behaviour such as whining,
teasing, bullying, frequent fighting, use of inappropriate and indecent language, and disrespect for
authority
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For example
some refuse to eat until they are promised a favour
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Fighting, quarrelling and name-calling which are common among childrenshould be discouraged
...

Other ways of discouraging antisocial aggressive behaviours includes:
 Teaching children to respect others,
 Allowing children express their feelings and desires in a socially acceptable manner
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When dealing with an angry or troubled child, it is better to stay calm, keep the voice lose squat
down to the child's level and look directly into the child's eyes
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Parents should endeavour to discourage physical and verbal aggression in children right from their
infancy
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Make it clear you care for the child and you are not rejecting him
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Give children an opportunity to
express their feelings in an acceptable manner
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It is often aimed at a weaker person
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A bully dominates and fights young and feeble members of die group
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Success in this attempt often leads to it being resorted to in situations when the child is involved
in personal gain, for example, snatching a toy from a smaller child
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Recent findings indicate that children who have close friends are less likely
to be victimized by bullies
...

Over-anxiety
Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling in die mind usually caused by the fear or expectation that
something bad may happen
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It causes an increased arousal in the body accompanied by
generalized feelings of fear or apprehension
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Over-anxiety is extreme fear of the
unknown
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To prevent anxiety in children, give them tasks
which they can perform well so that they experience a sense of achievement
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Children should be given more challenging tasks when they show signs that
they have mastered what they have previously been given
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It usually involves placing
the thumb into the mouth and rhythmically repeating sucking contact for a prolonged duration
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It is usually done to release inner comfort
...
Children who continue thumb sucking after this age may give an indication that the child
has some degree of tension or insecurity
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Parents and teachers are advised to check with
a doctor or counsellor to ensure the child is helped at the appropriate time
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He or she should not treat die behaviour lightly
...
Instead, they should deal with the cause of die tension and insecurity
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Withdrawn Children
To be withdrawn means a person has the tendency of secluding himself from others as a result of
a psychological problem
...
Withdrawn children do participate with other
children in games and activities
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They are usually afraid to ask or answer questions

posed by either the teacher or other children
...
Children who exhibit withdrawal behaviour fail to develop normal
interpersonal relationships with others
...
This leads to their having low self-esteem
and poor performance in school work
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b) Low self-esteem
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d) Constant harsh punishment from teachers or other caregivers
...

f) Constant failures such as in school work
...

For these reasons, parents, teachers and other caregivers should always strive to give children tasks
appropriate to their age and abilities
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Hyperactivity
Hyperactive can be described as a physical state in which a person is abnormally or easily
excitable
...
Children who are hyperactive are excessive active and unable
to relax or remain still
...
A child who portrays this
behaviour is often accompanied by learning problems
...
Research shows that thisdisorder is more common in boys than in girls
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The ECDE teacher who notices such behaviour in a child should be able to either counsel the child
or refer the child to a professional counsellor
...
Professional counsellors use
control measures of this behaviour that, include medication, dietary restriction, behaviour
modification, structured environment, self-instruction and modelling and bio-feedback
medication
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 Bullying is the get of intentionally harming others through verbal harassment, physical
assault and other methods of coercion such as manipulation
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Hyperactivity is physical state in which a person is abnormally or easily excitable
...


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