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Skills for Psychosocial Competence
Introduction
By the end of this article, you should be able to:
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A life skill is a person's ability to maintain a state of mental well-being
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Life skills
may be focused on personal actions, or on action towards others and the environment
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Promote healthy development that is physical, mental and social well-being
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They are effective intervention measures in responding to pandemics such as HIV/AIDS
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They help to resolve social problems in the society
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Help in the development of positive attitudes towards oneself and others
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They help in analyzing situations and making informed choices and decisions
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They are useful for developing negotiation skills and interpersonal relationships
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Enable individuals to identify and develop their full potential through the acquisition of
skills and attitudes necessary for life
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Help individuals to identify and
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Types of life skills
Life skills are divided into three categories, each with its sub-skills
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Coping and-self management, skills
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Decision making skills
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These include, self-awareness, self-esteem, coping with emotion and stress
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This is the person's knowledge of self, strengths and limitations, abilities
and inabilities
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This is the basis
of all skills learners should learn to be able: to evaluate themselves
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This is the feeling of self-worth and goodness in oneself
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Self-esteem is largely influenced
by the relationships we have with others, the environment and culture
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For example, accepting an individual, they
encourage, sustain interest, setting achievable goals, understanding one's rights and that of
others enhance self-esteem
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Emotions are strong human feelings such as hate, joy, love, anger,
jealousy and fear
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At
times people are overcome by emotions, resulting in regrets and feelings of guilt
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To cope with emotions one needs to:
 have self-control,
 stop and think about the whole situation,
 delay action,
 look at and analyze the consequences of the action to be taken,
 walk away from the situation and come back to it later, and
 get involved with other tasks or
 other people who are not part of the situation
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Coping with stress
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Stress in children usually arises from broken family relationships, family
problems such as domestic violence, loss of a loved one and other psychological problems
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Communication and interpersonal skills
Communication may be defined as the process by which people exchange information or express
their thoughts and feelings through words and actions
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Effective communication may be affected by lack of clarity in the
message, lack of listening, not taking note of nonverbal gestures and expressions, use of
inappropriate language, poor timing and the audience reactions
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Children should be trained to take turns in
conversations and use of appropriate language
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This is because they involve empathy, negotiations
skills, refusal skills, cooperation and teamwork, and advocacy skills among others,
a) Empathy skills
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It involves putting oneself in the
situation or the state of others and facing the challenges with them
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Empathy can be expressed through warmth,
listening to one's problems, caring, material support and kindness, understanding and being
available and close to the affected person during the time of need
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Negotiation is the ability to discuss issues openly and in a calm manner,
and to be able to reach an agreement or consensus based on a mutual understanding
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If possible, a
mediator may intervene if there is likelihood of disagreement or conflict, arising
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Conflict resolution skills
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Children usually fight over play
territory, materials and other personal property
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To resolve a conflict amicably, one
needs to establish the cause of the conflict, maintain calm and relax, act fairly without
favour, listen carefully to the problem and get acquainted with the situation
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Cooperation involves expressing respect for other people's
contributions and how they do things
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Cooperation and teamwork lead to team building
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Advocacy is the active support to an idea
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Assertiveness
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This develops through respecting
other people's opinions, encouraging open communication, catering for individual
differences, recognizing each person as a unique biting and providing interesting
opportunities to express oneself
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In any problem situation, it includes: identifying the problem
and establishing the root cause, seeking advice from other people, analyzing the advice,
considering ones beliefs and values, analyzing all the available and alternative option and actions
to be taken, analyzing the consequences of those actions and its impact on you and others, taking
the best option, making an informed choice and implementing the choice based on the available
information
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This involves assessing-and looking at a situation clearly and in-depth
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It also involves
identifying any problem and its causes, possible solutions and the available choices to be
reached
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Creative thinking involves skillful and
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It
involves coming up with novel or new ideas, as well as new ways of doing things
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Problem-solving is the process of corning up with a lasting and
workable solution to a problem
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It calls for commitment and
responsibility in order to cope with challenges and demands of everyday life
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America’s Career Resource Network (2006)
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