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Title: Cells
Description: These notes go over cell theory, the similarities between all cells, and some key organelles. The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is explored, as well as the Theory of Endosymbiosis. These notes were taken for an introductory college biology course.
Description: These notes go over cell theory, the similarities between all cells, and some key organelles. The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is explored, as well as the Theory of Endosymbiosis. These notes were taken for an introductory college biology course.
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Cells
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Cell Theory
o All living organisms are made up of at least one or more cells
o All cells arise from other cells
o Cells are the smallest unit of life that can function on its own
o Everything an organism does reflects processes at the cellular level
All cells have…
o A cell/plasma membrane that acts as a boundary between the inner and outer
cell
▪ Holds contents of cell in place, takes in food and nutrients, allow
interactions with the environment, and helps maintain homeostasis
▪ Main component is the phospholipid bilayer
• Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails
▪ Fluid mosaic model
• Contains proteins that bind to other cells or molecules, transports
things across the membrane, or catalyze chemical reactions
▪ Simple diffusion is when small molecules move across the membrane easily
▪ Facilitated diffusion is when bigger, polar molecules must be transported by
a transport protein
o DNA as the genetic material
o RNA for protein synthesis
o Ribosomes that aid in protein synthesis
o A cytoplasm: the intracellular contents
Prokaryotes
o Small, and relatively simple; always unicellular
o No nucleus or membrane bound organelles, but still has DNA
o Asexual reproduction
o Example: bacteria
Eukaryotes
o Much larger than prokaryotes (100-1000x larger)
o Membrane organelles, including a nucleus
o Asexual and sexual reproduction
o Eukaryotic does not necessarily mean multicellular
Organelles
o The nucleus holds and maintains DNA
o The mitochondrion produces energy
o The chloroplast is where photosynthesis takes place
Plant vs
Title: Cells
Description: These notes go over cell theory, the similarities between all cells, and some key organelles. The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is explored, as well as the Theory of Endosymbiosis. These notes were taken for an introductory college biology course.
Description: These notes go over cell theory, the similarities between all cells, and some key organelles. The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is explored, as well as the Theory of Endosymbiosis. These notes were taken for an introductory college biology course.