Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

●

Atom
○ Matter​ ​is​ ​anything​ ​that​ ​takes​ ​up​ ​space
○ Atom​ ​has​ ​3​ ​parts
■ Proton=​ ​positive
■ Neutron=​ ​no​ ​charge
■ Electron=​ ​negative
○ Atoms​ ​always​​ ​have​ ​the​ ​same​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​electrons​ ​and​ ​protons
○ Atoms​ ​usually​ ​have​ ​about​ ​the​ ​same​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​protons​ ​and​ ​neutrons

○

○

Bohr​ ​Model
■ Shows​ ​all​ ​particles​ ​in​ ​the​ ​atom
■ Circles​ ​in​ ​center​ ​show​ ​protons​ ​or​ ​neutrons
Valence​ ​electrons​ ​are​ ​the​ ​outermost​ ​shell​ ​of​ ​any​ ​element

Lewis​ ​Dot​ ​Structure
■ Only​ ​shows​ ​the​ ​element​ ​symbol​ ​and​ ​its​ ​outermost​ ​electron​ ​shell
Elements
○ The​ ​“alphabet”​ ​to​ ​the​ ​language​ ​of​ ​molecules​ ​(periodic​ ​table)
○ You​ ​must​ ​have​ ​elements​ ​to​ ​make​ ​matter
○ Elements​ ​are​ ​the​ ​building​ ​blocks​ ​of​ ​all​ ​matter
○ Periodic​ ​Table
○

●

●
●
●

■ All​ ​living​ ​things​ ​are​ ​made​ ​of​ ​Carbon​ ​14
Subatomic​ ​Particles​ ​are​ ​the​ ​protons,​ ​neutrons,​ ​and​ ​electrons
John​ ​Dalton’s​ ​atomic​ ​theory​​ ​is​ ​still​ ​widely​ ​accepted​ ​(1803)
○ First​ ​scientist​ ​to​ ​show​ ​evidence​ ​of​ ​atoms
J
...
​ ​Thomson​ ​discovered​ ​the​ ​electron​​ ​(1897)
○ Found​ ​the​ ​cathode​ ​ray’s​ ​fluorescent​ ​light​ ​can​ ​be​ ​moved​ ​with​ ​electric​ ​waves

●

●
●

●
●
●

○ Found​ ​the​ ​charge​ ​to​ ​mass​ ​ratio​ ​of​ ​an​ ​electron
Robert​ ​Millikan​ ​(1868)
○ Carried​ ​out​ ​Thomson’s​ ​ideas
○ Able​ ​to​ ​measure​ ​mass​ ​and​ ​charge​ ​of​ ​an​ ​electron
○ Oil​ ​drop​ ​experiment
Electron
○ Its​ ​mass​ ​is​ ​1/1840​​ ​the​ ​mass​ ​of​ ​a​ ​hydrogen​ ​atom
Eugen​ ​Goldstein
○ Discovered​ ​protons
○ Made​ ​cathode-ray​ ​tube
James​ ​Chadwick
○ Discovered​ ​neutrons​​ ​in​ ​1932
Quarks​ ​are​ ​smaller​ ​than​ ​protons​ ​and​ ​neutrons
Rutherford
○ Passed​ ​particles​ ​through​ ​gold​ ​foil​ ​and​ ​only​ ​particles​ ​that​ ​hit​ ​the​ ​nucleus​ ​bounced
back



---