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BMM4021 ENGINEER AND SOCIETY

REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS
PROJECT REPORT
LECTURER: DR IR HASSAN BIN IBRAHIM

RICHARD PANG WUI WING

MA16035

INTRODUCTION
The increases of carbon dioxide emission has longed be our source of climate change
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It is colourless, odourless, and it is naturally present in Earth’s atmosphere and is an
important part of Earth’s carbon cycle
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But the increases in
atmospheric carbon dioxide can pose problems to us humans and Earth
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Since the Industrial Revolution, human sources of carbon dioxide emissions have been
growing
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The burning of fossil
fuels produced 87% of all human-produced carbon dioxide emissions
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More heat is trapped by the atmosphere, causing the planet to
become warmer than it would be naturally
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Before the Industrial Revolution, carbon dioxide levels were only about 270 part per
million
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They reached 400
parts per millions in 2013 and scientists said it will only get higher in future
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Its effects will be destructive and long-felt
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We are not ready to lose our home, and that we need to
take some serious steps to fix our grandfathers mistakes from the pasts
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There
have been two broad divisions in engineering which are research and construction engineering
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Research engineering has been the rock bottom for
the construction engineering
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This task given in
BMM3011 Engineer and Society's class assists students in molding their analytic skills for future
benefits
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It is to help build our understanding of the opportunities and challenges in
overcoming the issue at hand; to measure the progress our world and society have made
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That must change
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Reporting must give data for debate and provide evidence for
engagement
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Society must have a
better understanding of the dimensions of the problems we face and be engaged in responding to
them; detailed and trusted reports documenting the issues are aiming to do so
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Addressing current issue engineers are facing
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SCOPE
Mechanical engineering create solutions and solve problems, playing a central role in the
design and implementation of moving parts in a range of industries
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To relate all that, Mechanical engineering also offers some of the most important skills
required for research and development in any kind of applied sciences
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For
example, in a photovoltaic system, the electric engineer calculates the power, consumptions,
load, cabling and so on
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Furthermore, there is a lot of mechanical engineering work to be done in bio-reactor design
in the developing field of next-generation microbial photosynthesis biofuels, in order to make net
energy conversion from sunlight to fuel more positive
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Solar energy
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Tidal energy
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Bio fuels
6
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Energy through waste management

Employment of mechanical engineers is projected to grow 5 percent over the next ten
years, about as fast as the average for all occupations
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As a result, their growth rate will differ by
the industries that employ them
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Engineers have the unique role of solving social problems through the usage of machines,
devices, systems, materials and processes
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Everyday engineer found new solutions for the world and to lead a
better environment to make earth a better place
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For instance, using carbon-free sources of energy, carbon capture and sequestration, and so on
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Z
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d) A Review of Carbon Dioxide emissions in Malaysia, we
released almost 21 kilotons of carbon dioxide in 2013, and we believed that the number is
increasing day by day
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Thus,
this will save our planet and make it a safer place to live
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This
happened because our greatest energy source is from fossil fuels and ways to generate it is from
the combustion of it
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34% in 2014
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The usage of fossil fuel such as coal
will increase particularly in the power sector
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Fossil fuels combustion produces 87% of human source of carbon dioxide emissions
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Some examples of fossil fuels energy used in generating power plants, transportations, and
industrial facilities
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2 billion tons of carbon dioxide
worldwide
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Coals were reported to release as much as 43% of carbon dioxide emissions, another 36% were
from oil and 20% from natural gases
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For
every tonne of the burning of coals, it produces and releases approximately 2
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In the United States, coal accounts for approximately 50% of the electricity produced
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At the power
plant, the coal is combusted to boil water and produce steam to operate a conventional steam
turbine and generator, which produces electricity
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For a complete listing of the impacts tied to energy production from coal, the
impacts from mining and the construction and operation of power plants and transmission
systems should be considered
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We need to
reduce the usage of coals or stop it and find a new source of energy because coal is the biggest
source of energy in our world today
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FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION
The largest human source of carbon dioxide emission is from the combustion of the fossil
fuels
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Burning these fuels releases energy which is most commonly turned into heat,
electricity or power for transportation
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he 3 types of fossil fuels that are used the most are
coal, natural gas and oil
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Figure: Energy related carbon dioxide emission
It will only keep in expanding if we don’t take some serious measure into this matter
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So, for example,
burning these fuels releases energy but carbon dioxide also gets produced as a by-product
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The
first two sectors, electricity/heat and transportation, produced nearly two-thirds of global carbon
dioxide emissions it is mention in International Energy Agency
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This sector produced 41% of fossil fuel related carbon
dioxide emissions in 2010 and it keep in increasing
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Almost all industrialized nations get most of their electricity from the combustion of
fossil fuels (around 60-90%)
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Figure: Electrical Energy produced By Fossil Fuel Combustion, Energy Information
Administration

The industrial, residential and commercial sectors are the main users of electricity
covering 92% of usage
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Specifically, the production of chemicals,
iron/steel, cement, aluminium as well as pulp and paper account for the great majority of
industrial electricity use
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TRANSPORTATION SECTOR
The transportation sector is the second largest source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide
emissions
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This sector is very energy intensive and it uses petroleum based fuels
(gasoline, diesel, kerosene, etc
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Since the 1990s,
transport related emissions have grown rapidly, increasing by 45% in less than 2 decades
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Automobiles,
freight and light-duty trucks are the main sources of emissions for the whole transport sector and
emissions from these three have steadily grown since 1990
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Marine shipping produces 14% of all transport carbon dioxide emissions
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Because of this, marine shipping is responsible for over 1 billion tonnes of carbon
dioxide emissions
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) and this sector continues to grow rapidly
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one of the most alarming trends in today's modern economy
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This trend started in the 1990's
and has continued ever since causing an increase in indirect emissions
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This sector produced 20% of fossil fuel related carbon dioxide emissions
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Manufacturing is the largest of
the 4 and can be broken down into 5 main categories: paper, food, petroleum refineries,
chemicals, and metal/mineral products
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Figure: Cement Plants and Kilns in Britain and Ireland
Manufacturing and industrial processes all combine to produce large amounts of each
type of greenhouse gas but specifically large amounts of CO2
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For example, factories in the cement industry, have to heat up limestone to
1450°C to turn it into cement, which is done by burning fossil fuels to create the required heat
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Employers can offer
commuter benefits that address limited or expensive parking, reduce traffic congestion, improve
employee recruiting and retention and minimize the environmental impacts associated with
drive-alone commuting
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Businesses that make a conscious effort to switch from coal
to more sustainable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, can help to reduce CO2
emissions greatly
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The
mitigation of carbon footprints through the development of alternative projects, such as solar or
wind energy or reforestation, represents one way of reducing a carbon footprint
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Carbon-free sources of energy have their own associated impacts, but in
general, these technologies generate energy without producing and emitting carbon dioxide to

the atmosphere
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g
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Alternatively, switching from high-carbon fuels like coal and oil, to reduced-carbon fuels such as
natural gas, will also result in reduced carbon dioxide emissions
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We failed to realise that we are silently killing and burning our home
by the massive emission of CO2
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Z
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As mentioned before, the 48 nations
of the Asia Pacific region will increase their energy demand by 67 percent between 2010 and
2035
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There will come the time where we can no longer rely on fossil fuels because of its
limitations in amount
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The best part is, as days went by, more engineers and scientists endlessly inventing numerous
amount futuristic technologies and inventions that will help reduce the emissions of CO2 into the
atmosphere
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There’s no
denying that we are in serious state of heating the earth and rising its temperature
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For instance, focusing
on expanding access to renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, can lessen the
impact of high CO2 emissions coming from fossil fuels
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The technology is advanced, and the renewable energy
revolution has already taken off around the world
We should bear in mind that one day we will face the consequences of our own
inconsiderate action toward earth
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However, we have the power to change this but it
must start from today and we must not procrastinate and being ignorant when we already know
what is wrong
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Some other way is to use carbon-free or reduced-carbon sources of energy like
geothermal energy, hydrokinetics and nuclear power
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It is from us
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We are responsible towards the earth we live
in, which means we are automatically in serious need to preserve it
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theguardian
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Z, 2Ghazali, N
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Email :nzaitun@umt
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my :
https://www
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org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/doc/themes/ForFITS/Noor_Zaitun_Yahaya
__Lecturer__University_Malaysia_Terengganu__A_Review_of_CO2_in_Malaysia__Current_status_and_Challenges
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Retrieved from:
https://data
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org/indicator/EN
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ETOT
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Retrieved from: https://whatsyourimpact
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ucsusa
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WfCxQmiCzIV

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How fossil fuel is harming Malaysia’s indigenous communities, by Fatimah Zainal on
May 4,2016 in our world : https://www
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com/fossil-fuel-harmingmalaysias-indigenous-communities/

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Energy Information Administration (n
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World net geothermal, solar, wind, and wood
and waste electric power consumption: 1
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” Retrieved from:
http://www
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doe
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html

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Energy Information Administration
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Annual Energy Review 2005,
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eia
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gov/emeu/aer/eh/coal
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(2012, June)
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Retrieved

from:

http://www
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com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_
and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/stat
istical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2012

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