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C/C++ Basics

Basic Concepts
• Basic functions of each language: Input,
output, math, decision, repetition
• Types of errors: Syntax errors, logic errors,
runtime errors
...


SW Complexity

SW
Complexity

ideal

Size of the application – Lines of Code

Object-Oriented Programming
Programming
Interface

Object
Attributes (data)
typically private to this object

Other
objects

Methods
(behaviors / procedures)
1-8

C vs
...

• …

C++ vs
...
Most OOP library contents
are similar, however Java continues to grow
...
Easy to learn the other language
when you know one of these
...
Java: differences
C++
Write once, compile everywhere
executable for each target

Java
unique

Write once, run anywhere same class
files will run above all target-specific JREs
...
Typically, a header file and
implementation file are used for each class
...
g
...
java

I/O statements use cin and cout, e
...

cin >> x;
cout << y;

I/O input mechanism is bit more complex,
since default mechanism reads one byte at
a time (System
...
Output is easy, e
...

System
...
println(x);

Pointers, References, and pass by value are
supported
...


Primitive data types always passed by value
...
Array
bounds are always checked
...
Supports
destructors
...


Supports operator overloading
...


C standard library
• http://en
...
org/wiki/C_standard_library
• stdio
...
h: atof(), atoi(), rand(), srand(), malloc(), free(), …
• math
...
h: strcpy(), strcmp(), …
• ctype: isdigit(), isalpha(), tolower(), toupper()
• …

Sample C programs: prog1
...
h>
main()
{
int in1, out;
double in2;
puts("Enter values:");
scanf("%d%lf", &in1, &in2); // & means "address of"
// %d int, %f float, %lf double
out = in1 + in2;
printf("Output is %d\n", out);
}

Sample C programs: prog2
...
h>
#include ...
c
#include ...
h>
main()
{
srand(getpid());
printf("%d\n", rand());
printf("%d\n", rand());
printf("%d\n", rand());
}

Sample C programs: prog4
...
h>
int add(int x, int y)
{
return x + y;
}
main()
{
int in1, in2, out;
puts("Enter values:");
scanf("%d%d", &in1, &in2);
out = add(in1, in2);
printf("Output is %d\n", out);
}

Sample C programs: simple
...
h>
main()
{
int i, arr[10];
puts("Let me init the array contents
...
c
#include ...
");
for( i=0 ; i<20 ; i++)
arr[i] = i;
puts("Well, I survived!");
return 0;
}

Sample C programs: simple1
...
h>
int i, array[10], array2[10];
main()
{
puts("\nArray's contents are");
for( i=0 ; i<10 ; i++)
printf("%d\n",array[i]);
puts("\nArray2's contents are");
for( i=0 ; i<10 ; i++)
printf("%d\n",array2[i]);
puts("Let me init the array contents
...
c
#include ...
");
for( i=-10 ; i<20 ; i++)
array[i] = i;
puts("\nArray's contents are");
printArray(array);
puts("\nArray2's contents are");
printArray(array2);
puts("\nWell, I survived!");
return 0;

Sample C programs: simple3
...
h>

main()
{
int i, array[10], array2[10];

printArray(int *arr)
{
int i;
for(i=0 ; i<10 ; i++)
printf("%d\n",arr[i]);

puts("\nArray's contents are");
printArray(array);
puts("\nArray2's contents are");
printArray(array2);

}

puts("Let me init array contents
...
c
#include ...
");
main()
for( i=-10 ; i<20 ; i++)
{
array[i] = i;
second();
puts("\nArray's contents are");
puts("\nWell, I survived!");
printArray(array);
return 0;
puts("\nArray2's contents are");
}
printArray(array2);
}

Things to observe
•
•
•
•

Memory allocation for arrays
Array length is not stored with arrays
Potentional issues with scanf() and printf()
Different behavior when overshooting arrays
in heap vs
...
java

file2
...
java

…

filen
...
c

file2
...
c

…

filen
...

Most used commands:
• run
• list [method name]
• break [line_number]
• step
• next
• continue
• print [variable]



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Title: Basic C, C++
Description: What a need say to me

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