Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Functionalism
>Main concepts+theories:
Social Solidarity
Meritocracy
Role Allocation
Specialist Skills
Secondary Socialisation
|-> “The Bridge” -> Universalistic + Particularistic
Durkheim:
The “Founding Father” of Functionalism
...
Each of
these institutions has their own functions
...
The
remaining three functions he theorised include Role Allocation,
Meritocracy, and Specialist Skills
...

>Social Solidarity
A sense of togetherness in society ensures harmony
...
Everyone within
society must feel as though they are a part of the bigger picture
...
Education forces everyone to fit into the same
mould, repressing an otherwise diverse society
...
This
ensures all roles within society are fulfilled by someone
...
This may lead to there in fact not being enough
people to adequately fulfil certain roles within society – there is a
desperate call for more female engineers, for example, with the
highest percentage of females studying engineering in any UK
university as of 2016 being 10%
...

Marxism > This is how
capitalism is reproduced and
legitimised
...

Organic Analogy > society is a
body and all social institutions
are organs that must work
together
...
Inorganic
solidarity is typically enforced
by superstructure such as
Religion
AO3: This lacks temporal
validity: reformed GCSEs and
iGCSEs abolish ‘tiered’
qualifications, i
...
higher vs
foundation, despite being
proposed by a New Right
government, which typically
would also favour meritocracy
a-la Functionalism
...
Education
attempts to ensure everyone has these, as a part of role allocation
...

This means that to achieve higher across wider society, standards
must be raised - specifically academically
...
There is an equality of
opportunity in society
...
There is no equality of
opportunity: everyone is kept within their class by a lack of true
ability to gain social mobility
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If they wanted more, they should’ve earned it
...
Functionalism
suggests that this isn’t a negative factor, however
...
Higher rewards –
typically jobs with a higher social status and pay – are thus offered
to those with more academic/scholastic talent
...
This means that it transmits
norms & values as a part of Secondary Socialisation
...

The norms and values of wider society are known as Universalistic
Values, while those of the family are Particularistic Values
...

>Secondary Socialisation
This is the transmission of norms, mores, and values
...
Secondary socialisation generally occurs outside the family,
and thus is gained from agents of socialisation such as Religion, and
in this specific context, Education – the ‘Focal Socialising Agent’
...

AO3: Social Democrats > New
Labour put policies in place to
increase Equality of
Opportunity

Symbiotic link:
Ascribed & Achieved
Status > Ascribed Status
is status given by ones
situation – perhaps within
the family, e
...
position
as oldest sibling
...

AO3: Marxism > Social
mobility can’t be attained
under capitalism as some
labels can’t be shed, e
...

social class
...
(See next page)
AO3: Marxism >
Correspondence principle,
Bowles + Gintis
...


Eleanor HC

Bullet point summary:

>The Bridge
This is argued to be an instrumental part of society, as
everyone must be scrutinised under the same eye to ensure
meritocracy functions adequately
...
This will then subsequently
lead to the organic analogy and the value consensus
...

Further Topics - Extention
>Hidden Curriculum
Alongside the National Curriculum, schools also socialise
children into ‘functioning members of society’
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Ways in which the hidden curriculum exists:





Uniform > dressing formally for work
Punctuality at school > time-keeping for work
Hierarchy > children respond to teachers the way
adults respond to their boss
Instruction following

Can you think of any other ways it exists?

Mind-map:

Education

AQA Sociology

Eleanor HC



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