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25/10/2017
School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing
Engineering

MIET 2032 – Renewable Energy Systems

Assignment Title: Solar Water Pumping Laboratory
Experiment
Course Name: Renewable Energy Systems
Course Code: MIET 2032
Experiment Date: 7th September 2017
Submission Date: 1st October 2017
Professor Name: Dr Shahin Haidari
Lab Group: 5

Assignment Group: 14
Student Name 1:
Student ID:
Student Name 2:
Student ID

Contents
1
1
...


SUMMARY
...
3

2

Introduction to Experiment
...
4

3
...
2

4
4
...
2

5

Angle measurement
...
4

Solar water pumping EXPERIMENTAL RECRDED valuves
...
5
Average recorded values for Unperpendicular to the sun ray
...
6

Sample calculations
...
1 Solar radiation on an inclined plan
...
2 Flow rate and discharge head
...
3 Efficiency of the solar panel
...
4 Efficiency of MPPT
...
5 Efficiency of Motor and Pump
...
6 Total instantaneous Efficiency
...
7 Power of the pump
...
1
6
...
3
6
...
8
Table 1- Derived the result for the tilt angle perpendicular to sun array
...
8
Graph profile and Discussion
...
8

7

conclusion
...
12

9

Reference
...
14

Solar water pumping EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS data
...
1
10
...
14
Unperpendicular to the sun ray
...
It is one of the most interesting energy
powers for the conventional pumping system and a cost effective application which is has been
developed in the last two decades
...

It uses photovoltaic cells in order to convert sunlight in to DC electrical power and then drive the
pump by sunlight energy which converted to useful mechanical energy to drive the water pump
...
New approaches has been investigated in order to develop high
quality solar cells to improve the performance of the cells and bring down the cost of the system as
much as possible which makes the system more usable and feasible in future
...
The size of the PV system
directly depends on the size of the pump, the amount of water needed and the intensity of the sun's
radiation
...
First, the power output required by the pump is
equal to the input power of the solar panels
...
This causes the pump life to increase and reduces the
need for maintenance
...


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1
...
LEARNING OBJECTIVES OF THE EXPERIMENT
Specific technical aim of this experiment is to







To analyse the performance of a solar water pumping system
...

To find the relationship between various end-fixing conditions and collapse load
To analysis nature of deflection and deflected shapes with various end-fixing conditions
To writing up element of a professional technical report
Review of theoretical knowledge

2

INTRODUCTION TO EXPERIMENT

Water is one of the most important sources that human life depends on
...
In many areas, there is water in underground reservoirs and exhausting them by hand
or by hand pumps or by diesel engines powered by fossil fuels
...
In these areas, the use of solar water pump system can
have many benefits as bellow








The use of solar pumps in areas that are far away from the power transmission network
...

Due to limited system components, solar pumps need less maintenance and maintenance
than diesel pumps
...

It requires much less care and repair, as well as their efficiency
...
Photovoltaic panels exposed to the
sun consist of photovoltaic cells
...

Additionally, charging MPPT controllers regulates the current and voltage of the solar array so that
they can absorb the maximum power from the panel and absorb more power than the conventional
charge controllers
...

The goal is to measure the amount of energy consumed in relation to the region's water
requirements
...

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3

COMPONENTS OF SOLAR WATER PUMPING SYSTEM
...
1

Angle measurement

In the solar water pumping system the tilt angle of the solar panel with respect to the north direction
can be measure by using the semi circular metal place with the holes which is used for setting the
orientation of panel perpendicular to the sun rays
...
2

Experimental Procedure
1
...

2
...
Open the centre flow control valve
...
Turn on the Array switch and the MPPT
5
...
Record and measure the following data

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7
...
Repeat step 6 for seven further positions of the flow control valve up to a discharge pressure
of 200 KPa
...
Change the positions of the solar panel (15-30 degrees from the sun’s rays and repeat steps
5-8 times
...
1

Average recorded values for Perpendicular to the sun ray

Average
Solar
Pressure Radiation
(pp)
(SH)

inclined solar
radiation (SI)

Perpendicular to sun array - Recorded values
Array
Array
Motor
Motor
voltage
Current
Voltage
Current
(VA)
(IA)
(Vm)
(Im

Motor
Speed
(N)

time (t)

Kpa

4
...
3
695
...
8
606
...
1
589
...
5
616
...
75
987
...
65
979
...
4
605
...
6

55
56
56
56
55
55
55
55

3
2
...
95
3
3
3
3
3

140
133
124
115
107
98
...
15
2
...
4
2
...
6
2
...
04
11
...
995
14
...
51
20
...
985
28
...
84
13
...
53
16
...
73
21
...
5
918
...
5
926
...
6
139
1
...
7
127
2
56
2
...
7
108
2
...
7
100
2
...
5
92
2
...
5
2
...
5
2
...
13
32
...
1

Solar radiation on an inclined plan

Solar radiation 𝑆 𝑝 on the inclined plan can be obtained from the following formula
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝛿 = 23
...
765
365

where is n is the number of the day n=98 days from 01/01/2016 to 08/04/2016

𝑆𝑝 = 𝑆 𝐻 ∗

sin⁡ + 𝛽)
(𝛼
sin⁡
(45
...
82)
= 683
...
7653
sin 𝛼
sin(45
...
82 − 6
...
415



𝛽 = 37
...
2

Flow rate and discharge head
𝑚3

The volume flow rate ( 𝑕𝑟 ) and discharge head (𝑕 𝑝 ) can be calculate as below
...
5 L



=

Q = liquid flow rate (m3/s or L/s)



𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒

8
...
04781 𝑚3 /𝑕𝑟
10
...
5484 𝑚
𝜌∗ 𝑔
1000 ∗ 9
...
3

Efficiency of the solar panel ɲ 𝒑𝒗
The efficiency of the solar panel can be expressed and calculated as the ratio of the electrical
power to solar power as bellow:
ɲ 𝑝𝑣 =

𝑉𝐴 ∗ 𝐼 𝐴
∗ 100
𝑆𝑜𝑎𝑙𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒
ɲ 𝑝𝑣 =

5
...
7653

∗ 100 = 23
...
5

𝑀𝑃𝑃𝑇

=

𝑉𝐴 ∗ 𝐼 𝐴
55 ∗ 3
∗ 100 =
∗ 100 = 58
...
6

𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟

=

𝜌 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑

∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝑄 ∗ 𝑕𝑝

𝑉𝑚 ∗ 𝐼 𝑚
= 27
...
81 ∗ 3
...
548
∗ 100
140 ∗ 2

Total instantaneous Efficiency

The efficiency of the hydraulic/ water power can be expressed and calculated as bellow
ɲ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 =

𝜌 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝑄 ∗ 𝑕 𝑝
𝑆𝑜𝑎𝑙𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒

∗ 100

1000 ∗ 9
...
04781 ∗ 10−3 ∗ 2
...
05 %
683
...
7

Power of the pump
Array power and motor power can be calculated as bellow:

𝐴𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑉 𝐴 ∗ 𝐼 𝐴 = 55 ∗ 3 = 165 𝑤
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑉 𝐴𝑀 ∗ 𝐼 𝐴𝑀 = 140 ∗ 2 = 280𝑤

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6

TABLE FOR DERIVED RESULTS

6
...
548

3
...
765

23
...
93%

27
...
05%

165
...
097

2
...
333

23
...
55%

49
...
72%

163
...
645

2
...
317

23
...
97%

66
...
40%

165
...
6

10
...
127

612
...
20%

65
...
08%

34
...
5

253

12
...
748

1007
...
38%

64
...
06%

21
...
0

256
...
291

1
...
977

27
...
43%

86
...
39%

165
...
1

17
...
276

611
...
99%

70
...
41%

36
...
0

234

20
...
077

622
...
51%

70
...
61%

34
...
0

235
...
2

Table 2- Derived the result for the tilt angle unperpendicular to sun array

Discharge
head (hp)

flow rate
(Q)

calculated
solar
radiation on
inclined
plan (Sp)

(m)

w/m^3

w/m^2

pv

mppt

motor

total

(w)

(w)

2
...
823

859
...
939%

58
...
21%

8
...
60

250
...
10

2
...
443

16
...
53%

45
...
6%

151
...
0

7
...
106

882
...
128%

64
...
93%

17
...
20

236
...
19

1
...
468

16
...
64%

79
...
3%

151
...
6

12
...
726

925
...
334%

68
...
06%

23
...
20

220
...
29

1
...
743

16
...
93%

94
...
4%

150
...
8

17
...
128

943
...
892%

70
...
89%

20
...
00

212
...
39

0
...
762

16
...
73%

85
...
3%

156
...
4

Efficiency
of solar
Panels

Efficiency
of MPPT

Efficiency of
motor and
pump

Total
Efficiency

Solar
array
power

Motor
power

6
...
4

Plot graph profiles and discussion
1) Pump discharge head (m) versus water flow rate m3/ hr

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Flow rate Vs Pump head

25
...
00

unperpendic
ular to sun

15
...
00
5
...
00
0
...
500

1
...
500

2
...
500

3
...
500

Flow rate (m^3/hr)
Figure 2: Flow rate versus pump head

To understand what factor can affect the pump’s flow rate we can discuss the graphs above
...
In both cases the discharge head decreased the flow
rate increased but there is some abnormal behaviour exit on the graph which is not significant
...

These can be representing in both degrees- perpendicular and unperpendicular in this experiment
...
If the pressure was not the same, we could
get different result
...
00
Array Power (w)

165
...
00
155
...
00
145
...
00
0
...
500

1
...
500

2
...
500

3
...
500

FLow rate (m^3/hr)

Figure 3: Flow rate versus array power
The graph in figure 3 has shown that in perpendicular to sun array the power is constant until reach to a flow rate of 1
...
However, at the
minimum flow rate of 2
...

In unperpendicular case, we can see that the power decreased rapidly at flow rate of 1 m^3/hr and then increased
constantly in horizontal direction until reached to the minimum flow rate of 2
...
We can conclude that power generated in
perpendicular case is higher than unperpendicular case
...
0
250
...
0
150
...
0
50
...
0
0
...
500

1
...
500

2
...
500

3
...
500

Flow rate (m^3/hr)
Figure 4: Flow rate versus motor power

Base on the figure above, the relationship behaviour between the motor power and versus flow rate
is almost similar as we can see on the graphs, both trend has linear behaviour which when the flow
rate is increasing the motor power also increasing
...
00%
100
...
00%

Unperpendicular to
sun array

60
...
00%

Perpendicular to sun
array

20
...
00%

0
...
00

10
...
00
Pump head (m)

20
...
00

Figure 5: Motor Efficiency versus pump head

According to figure above, it shows an increase in motor efficiency with pump discharge head
...
In unperpendicular to sun array the
maximum efficiency achieved is 98
...
41 %
...
However
...

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4) Total instantaneous efficiency versus discharge head

Total efficinecy versus Pump head
45
...
0%
35
...
0%
25
...
0%
15
...
0%
5
...
0%
0
...
00

10
...
00

20
...
00

Pump head (m)
Figure 6: Total efficiency versus pump head
Based on the graph the result in Figure 6 and figure 5 almost shows similar behaviour, as the pump head increased the
total efficiency also increased
...


5) Array power output versus pressure
array power output versus pressure
Array power output (w)

170
...
00

Unperpendicul
ar to sun

160
...
00

perpendicular
to sun

150
...
00
140
...
But in unperpendicular to sun array we have a huge power output increased compare to
perpendicular
...


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7

CONCLUSION

After carefully studying all the graphs and table above, the performance of the system were
carefully analysed in term of total head, flow rate and power in different orientation
...

we can conclude that there are many fluctuations and errors specially average pressure and
the solar array voltage exit in this experiment due to lack of sunlight and raining day which
our group was not able to carry out the practical more accurately and we were given the data
that was carried a while ago
...
The results show that the performance of
the photovoltaic solar war pump system related extremely on the pumping total head and
power output of the panel
...




Misreading accurate data from measuring devices
...




Faulty equipment



Capacity of the bucket was not measured accurately
...


Different pressure and temperature would change the scales
...
It gave us the knowledge to figure out the variation of
theory and reality
...

To get more accurate result from this experiment, the procedure could be improved by:
 Adjusting all apparatus carefully
...

 Having the same bucket capacity
...


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9

REFERENCE
o

Topic 7 Solar Water Heating and PV system

o

Review of solar photovoltaic water pumping system technology for irrigation and community drinking
water supplies

o

Experimental study of a PV water pumping system(Ahmed Mohammedi Université de Bouira, Algeria)

o

S
...
Rekioua, T
...
Matagne Fuzzy logic control of stand-alone photovoltaic system
with battery storage ,Journal: of power sources, vol
...
2, pp
...


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10 APPENDIX
SOLAR WATER PUMPING EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS DATA
10
...
2 Unperpendicular to the sun ray

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