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Critical report of an academic paper

IT’S NOT EASY BEING GREEN: THE ROLE OF SELF-EVALUATIONS IN
EXPLAINING SUPPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
SCOTT SONENSHEIN, KATHERINE A
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DUTTON
Academy of Management Journal, 2014

Table of Contents

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Page Number

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Table of Contents

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1

Introduction

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2

Summary

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3

Critique

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4

Conclusion

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Subject

Bibliography

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1
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57,
No
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7–37
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Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University; Katherine
DeCelles, an assistant professor of organizational behavior at the Rotman School of Management,
University of Toronto; and Jane Dutton, the Robert L
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Social issue support is a topic related to both of the organization and psychology studies, and this
paper is one of the studies that examining social issue supporters in different contexts and while
taking in consideration the fuller life of them to have a full view about the obstacles faced in their
lives and to understand both the challenges they faced and how they created the psychological fuel
to keep believing in themselves
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They concluded also that their study takes an important step toward
understanding the role of this mixed self-evaluation in helping (or hindering) individuals' actions
that play a valuable role in advancing a social issue in work organizations and beyond
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The authors stated: “We sought to
develop theory around how these dedicated and identified issue supporters experience supporting
a social issue in the more complete set of contexts in which they live, something that also helps
explain why they do not always act to support the social issues they care deeply about”
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The study is valid since it used both of the qualitative and quantitative approaches, but
the main problem that it did not propose effective solutions for the problems of social issue
supporters, other main problem comes from the fact that self-evaluations is a factor hard to be
measured and examined in critical way
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Summary:
People's ability to overcome self-doubt plays a critical role in how successfully they act in support
of social issues (climate change, gender equity, corporate social responsibility, or something else),
the researchers examined the role of self-evaluations among those who support social issues and
the evaluations' effect on supporters’ behaviors
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The importance of this study: 1- It provides a rich basis for understanding how the contexts in
which a supporter operates (work, school, and home) play a role in shaping the self by prompting
self-reflection that takes the form of self-evaluation
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3- It spotlights the different kinds of self-evaluation that are prompted by issue-related
challenges, complicating and enriching how psychologists construe the self-evaluation process and
what it means for explaining patterns of individuals’ actions
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The sample of study 1 are 29 individuals who had
taken distinctive steps to learn about how to address climate change and to be in the position to do
so
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2) Self-doubts: around questioning their performance
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Study 2 (Quantitative: Survey): Selected issue for this study is environmental change and
sustainability issue
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To develop a theory for Study
2, the authors then derived three profiles of social issue supporters' mixed selves:

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1) Self-affirmers, who positively channel doubt
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3) Self-equivocators, who become psychologically derailed by doubt
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The authors indicated: “Our theory of situated self-work explains why it is a
psychologically tall order to support social issues that individuals care deeply about, but also how
some individuals evaluate themselves in ways that allow them to meet this lofty objective”
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In terms of the paradigms
of the organizational theory, this paper can be considered as a subjective study, Alvesson,
Bridgman, & Willmott (2009) stated “values and normative judgments are considered subjective”,
and this paper studies people who care about social issues which belong to values
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Despite this paper
is one of the first studies to examine a social issue supporter in multiple contexts to know the
obstacles they are facing in their lives, but still the authors didn’t try to ignore the previous studies
and assumptions, for this reason this paper is an interpretive research; Alvesson & Deetz (2000)
indicate: “the expressed goal of interpretive studies is to show how particular realities are socially
produced and maintained through norms, rights rituals and daily activities”, Also it is mentioned
that “Interpretive research, display unified culture, recover integrative value, related to social,
community and work life”, also Alvesson & Deetz (2000) state: “Interpretive may move away
from cultural level and take seriously specific events, acts and behaviors”
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Using the subjectivism as a methodology in this paper allows us to know the nature of knowledge
production and its dimensions: Ontologically this paper is belong to the conventionalism school,
epistemologically it is an anti-positivist paper; anti-positivists focus on understanding the
interpretative method employed (Gerber & Linda, 2010)
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Methodologically this paper is more ideographic then being
nomothetic; idiographic is based on what Kantian described as a tendency to specify, and is typical
for the humanities, also ideographic involve themselves with people's normal lives, and look at
diaries, biographies, observation
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Deetz (1996) puts forward an alternative way of conceptualizing research orientation: he makes
the contrast between "local/emergent" and "elite/a priori" conceptions
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According Deetz (1996) this paper
belongs to the "local/emergent" school, especially that there are many characteristics in common
between Deetz’ "local/emergent" and this study such as: comparative communities, particularistic,
situational determinism, local narratives, meaning as central concern, and sees the strange
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e
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e
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From other side and in terms to the new two dimensions (Dissensus vs
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we can consider this paper under the dissensus approach; A rich interpretive repertoire is
particularly significant in order not to become swamped by conventional understanding of
empirical material but to be able to produce de-familiarization and dissensus as significant
ingredients in, and outcomes of, the critical research process (Deetz, 1996)
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Since this paper is belong to the school of “local/emergent”
and in the same time it belongs to the dissensus approach, so it is a dialogic study (postmodern,

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deconstructionist) (Alvesson & Deetz, 2000), and to emphasize that it is a postmodern study,
(Parker, 1993) state postmodern is a subjective rationality based on mytho-logic
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- Individuals evaluate themselves in a decidedly mixed fashion using self-assets and self-doubts
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- Some people are able to cope with that through building immunity through their self-assets, and
other people, unfortunately, fizzle and burn out
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- Self-affirmers engaged in the most extensive issue-supportive behavior, which reflects the
individuals' strong psychological foundation based on low self-doubts and high self-assets
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3
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Also using the subjective
research cause some confidence problems, Alvesson & Deetz (2000) says: moves to secure
objectivity are often more successful in hiding the significance of human judgment and its
contingencies on cultural and intellectual tradition, including a specific research language
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Same problem

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with the using the anti-positivism which is spiritual
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In the
same time we can’t deny that there is a positive sides in using the interpretive research since it
display a unified culture
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Following the “dissensus” school in research means insight
and praxis are the central concern, but if there is lack of validity the results of the praxis won't be
valid as well, and in this case we need always to emphasizes our results again by repeating the
same study for example
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The exact time periods of the study not mentioned, the
conclusions is appropriate but short and not appear to report the results of the study clearly
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Using both of the qualitative and quantitative approach gives the study more reliability
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References accurate, up to date and relevant
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Conclusion:
This article did an exceptional job of providing new data to support the authors’ claims
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Further studies must be undertaken, better
measures must be developed, and more specific samples must be used to improve our
understanding concerning the exact relationship between supporting a social issue and supporters’
self-evaluations
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References:
Alvesson, M
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, & Willmott, H
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The Oxford Handbook of Critical Management
Studies
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Retrieved from
https://books
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com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=89f_co5QmtcC&pgis=1
Alvesson, M
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(2000)
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SAGE Publications
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google
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, & Willmott, H
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On the Idea of Emancipation in Management and Organization
Studies
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Alvesson, M
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(2003)
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SAGE Publications
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google
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(2008)
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Routledge
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google
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D
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Idiographic, nomothetic, and related perspectives in behavioral assessment
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Deetz, S
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Crossroads--Describing Differences in Approaches to Organization Science: Rethinking
Burrell and Morgan and Their Legacy
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http://doi
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1287/orsc
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2
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, & Linda, J
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Sociology (7th Canadian Ed
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, & Duberley, J
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Understanding Management Research: An Introduction to
Epistemology
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Retrieved from
https://books
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com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Do-v6tfJAjoC&pgis=1
Parker, J
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M
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Postmodernism and Organizations
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Retrieved from
https://books
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com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=KxOW8bwooIgC&pgis=1
Sandberg, J
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How Do We Justify Knowledge Produced Within Interpretive Approaches?
Organizational Research Methods, 8(1), 41–68
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org/10

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