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The light dependent reaction takes place in the thylakoid membrane
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They
pass through a series of redox reactions as the electron is passed to electron
carriers which are each in lower energy states
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The hydrogen produced is used to produce NADPH from NADP
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A for light absorption
The grana contains a lot of pigment needed for light absorption
Permeable membrane allows the diffusion of gases
Membrane provides a surface for attachment of electron for the LDR
Stroma contains enzymes needed for the Calvin Cycle
Explain how the palisade cell is adapted for photosynthesis
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A
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g
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Plants
contain pigments with allow the plant to absorb different
wavelengths of light, maximising photosynthesis
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Green light is reflected, therefore the plants look
green
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Process of LDR
1
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electrons are excited to a higher energy level
3
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electrons are passed down the electron
transport chain, go through a series of redox
reactions, and release energy to form ATP
(photophosphorylation)
5
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excited electrons leave PSI
7
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electrons and hydrogen from photolysis reduce
NADP
9
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Electrons
replace those lost in PSII and the oxygen is either
used in respiration or it is diffused in the
atmosphere
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Suggest a reason why the carbon dioxide supplied to the algae was
radioactively labelled
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Suggest an explanation of how the hot methanol might stop further
chemical reactions taking place
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Why use a rapid action tap? The rapid action tap is essential because the
reactions occur quickly and the samples can be removed after a precise time
period
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Radioactive Carbon 14 in the form of
hydrogencarbonate is injected
At intervals algae are dropped into the hot methanol to
stop the reaction
The compounds are separated
The radioactive compounds are identified and the
pathway is determined by the time at which each first
appeared

The law of limiting factors states that the rate of a process that
depends on numerous factors will be limited by the factor which
is in the shortest supply
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Compensation point: rate of photosynthesis = rate of respiration

The light independent reaction occurs in the stroma
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A 6C
450nm (blue light), and there is a correlation
intermediate forms and splits into 2x 3GP molecules
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this reduction reaction where NADPH provides H and ATP provides energy
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activity
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This
process will only produce ATP, no oxygen
or reduced NADP, no photolysis of water
occurs
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as
light intensity increases, the rate of the
light-dependent reaction, and therefore
photosynthesis generally, increases
proportionately (straight line relationship)
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So the rate
plateaus
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The wavelength of light is also important
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Light with a higher
proportion of energy concentrated in these
wavelengths will produce a higher rate of
photosynthesis
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As it is normally present in the atmosphere
at very low concentrations (about 0
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Temperature
Light dependent reactions are not affected by
temperature, the light independent reactions
are
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As the enzymes approach their optimum
temperatures the overall rate increases
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Above the optimum
temperature the rate begins to decrease, as
enzymes are denatured
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Above 25, enzymes are not denaturing, but
rate of respiration a more temperature
dependent process (more enzymatic) is
increasing more and the net uptake of carbon
dioxide is actually decreasing

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