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Cytoplasm
Is a gel-like substance where most chemical
reactions will occur
...

Nucleus
It contains genetic material that will control
the cells activities
Mitochondria
It is where reactions for aerobic respiration
will occur, creating energy

Bacteria
They are prokaryotes and contain:
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Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Don’t have true nucleus
...

May also contain small rings
of DNA called plasmids
Don’t have mitochondria

Prokaryotes = single celled organism
(bacteria) normally very small
Eukaryote = organism that is larger
than prokaryotes

Biology

Microscopes
Light microscope = use light and lenses to
magnify individual cells and sub cellular
structures
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Cells 1
Resolution is the ability to distinguish
between 2 points
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Differentiation = process where
a cell changes to become
specialised for its job
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Differentiation
normally occurs at an early
stage in animal cells and is then
lost but in plant cells this ability
is never lost
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Undifferentiated cells are called
stem cells
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It contains
chlorophyll which is the green pigment
needed to absorb the light

Muscle cells are specialised for contraction
...
They are long so
that they have space for contraction, have lots
of mitochondria to create energy
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They form tubes that transport
food and water around the plant
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Root hair cells are specialised for absorbing
water and minerals
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magnif
ication

real
size

Sperm cells are specialised
for reproduction
...
It has: long tail,
streamlined head to help it
swim to the egg, lots of
mitochondria to provide
energy, contains enzymes to
digest through the egg
membrane

Nerve cells are specialised for
rapid signalling
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They are long to cover
more distance, have branched
connections to connect to other
nerve cells and form a network

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