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Automated vehicle parking system control using a
microcontroller
Jiyane Hlanganani (1490763)
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa

Abstract—This paper is about developing a prototype of the
device that monitors the parking space
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It
uses the Atmega328P microcontroller, LEDs, speaker and the 7Segment display to communicate the output
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Some assumptions and
constraints are made for simplification of the problem given
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I
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It is of importance to manage
the levels of cars coming in and out of the parking space
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This device prototype
must be able to indicate the number of cars available in the
parking using the seven-segment single display
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This device
should sense the vehicle using the photo-couplers as sensors
and open the gate when there is a space or not open the gate
when there is no space
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According to the
project specifications, the green light emitting diode (LED)
should turn on when there is a space and red LED when there
is no space
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The orange RGB
LED should always be on and change at an instance of arrival
of a car at the sensors and when the parking is full
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II
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Different parking management systems
have been proposed in the olden days
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These
methodologies were seen inefficient in the present world
where things are automated
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There are
several diverse types of microcontroller devices provided by

Fig
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Microcontroller with it surrounding components

Atmel
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This device servers as the main and merger part of the
project
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This device can receive data
from external surroundings, make decisions and communicate
the results [4]
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Necessary
constraints are to be made for the project
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It can be assumed that the parking is only for
small vehicles and all the cars coming can enter if the parking
is not full
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M ETHODOLOGY OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
On the process of solving the problem at hand two methods
are assumed to produce the best solution possible
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The software development method involves the development
of the source code that runs and control the operations of
the Atmega328P microcontroller
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This language
enables direct manipulation of hardware of which is the
necessity for this project [5]
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The pseudocode will function as the interpretation of the code to be
implemented
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The photo-interrupts in the gates senses the approaching vehicle and sends information to the microcontroller
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After making the decision it will communicate the output to
the LEDs, Speaker and seven-segment display
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Figure 2 also verify the conditions that the microcontroller
uses
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A
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The following
is the pseudocode of how the code for the project is to be
implemented:
Use variable MAX CARS, NO CARS, Set registers R16 as
SET REG and R17 as NUM CARS
Set interrupt vector addresses for Program Counter jumps
Start- Set the stack pointer High and Low
Initialise portB as output port
Initialise NUM CARS to zero and write value on portB
Set portD 6,7 as output pins and set them as low
Enable OC0A and WGM on TCCR0A register
Set the prescaler to 256
Write 225 on 0CR0B
Initialise portD5 as output port and set it to High
Write 225 on OCR0A for the speaker
Initialise EICRA rising edge and Enable INT0, INT1 on
EIMSK
Enable global interrupt
Initialise portC as output port
Main: Initialise portC4 as High and jump to Main
NO SPACE: Initialise portC4 as input and set portC2 as
High
jump to Back
SPACE: Call LED ON delay and Write 255 on OCR0A
Return from subroutine
Speaker On: Call delay LED ON and Write 255 on OCR0A
return from subroutine
LED ON delay: delay of appr
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5s and return
ENTRANCE SENSOR: Set portC 2 as low
Compare NUM CARS to MAX CARS
Branch to NO SPACE if same
Set portC4 as Low and Set portC0 as High
Call LED ON delay
Increase NUM CARS and Write NUM CARS to OCR0A
Call Speaker ON and Write NUM CARS on portB
Set portC 0 as Low and Initialise portC4 as output port
jump from the branch condition
Return from interrupt and enable global interrupt
EXIT SENSOR: Set portC2 to low
Compare NUM CARS to NO CARS
Branch to SPACE if NUM CARS equal NO CARS
Decrement NUM CARS and Write value to OCR0A

Fig
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Flowchart showing how the prototype should work

Call Speaker ON and Write the NUM CARS to portB
Set portD4 as High
jump from the branch condition
Return from interrupt and enable global interrupt
B
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This device is largely available, cost effective, low
power consumption as compared to devices such as 4 digital
display PCV boards [5]
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The BCD
eliminates the need of connecting all the seven pins of the
7-segment to the MCU thus providing more ports available
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This LED is controlled using pulse
width modulation (PWM) for it to produce the colour of
choice [6]
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The MCU is powered from the
USB cable which gives a supply of 5V
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Whenever the car exits the
parking, sound must be produced on the speaker
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All the
components of the project get the power from the MCU which
also governs how they should respond
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The full project prototype circuit is shown in figure 3
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OVERVIEW AND OUTCOMES
On the project brief, it was specified that the photocouplers
must be used as sensors, the number of cars must be shown
on the 7-segment display, the PWM of the microcontroller
must to be utilized by generating sound every time the vehicle

so that the driver can even see at the distance that there is
no space available if zero is shown
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VI
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3
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The solution to the
problem was found and the prototype could do as requited
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The potentials
supplied to some part of the prototype were measured and
some conclusions based on them were obtained
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4
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The orange light must be set as
default, the green light must be on when the car enters and
red light when the parking is full
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The code could compile resulting in a
fully functioning microarchitecture
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The MCU could communicate
with the 7-segment display to show the number of cars in
the parking space with the assistance of the Binary Coded
Decimal (BCD)
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Some necessary
measurements were taken from the built circuit such as the
potential going to the 7-Segment, potential going to the
speaker as the number of cars changes, potential supplied
to the LEDs and the sensors
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It was found that the potential
and frequency of the speaker remained unchanged but it duty
cycle changes when the number of cars were increasing and
decreasing
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R ECOMMENDATIONS
On the project brief, it was stated that the 7-segment must
display the number of cars in the parking
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This could be better if the 7Segment shows the number of available spaces in the parking

[1] SHITALN B
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TAYADE, SAGAR D
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New york, United States,
2015
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Wei, Mohmmed Ahmed, Study on Automated Car Parking
System Based on,IEEE
Tianjin, China, Department of Electronic
Engineering, 2014, ISSN-2278-0181
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New york, United states: Addison-Wesley, 1993
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, Arduino Microcontroller Processing for Everyone!
Third Edition, 3rd ed
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[5] Muhammad Alimazidi, Sarmad Naimi, Sepehr Naimi, The avr microcontroller and embedded systems, 3rd ed
...

[6] David Porta and David
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New york, United
States: United States Patent, 2003
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www
...
com, 2016

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