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Title: Business studies formulas A-Level
Description: This is a complete document of all the formulas for A-Level business studies that you will need for your exam
Description: This is a complete document of all the formulas for A-Level business studies that you will need for your exam
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Business Studies formulas
% = Expressed as a percentage
Total revenue = Sales Revenue = Turnover = Selling price (P) * Number of units sold (Q) = P*Q
Total Variable costs = Variable cost per unit * Number of items sold
Total costs = Fixed costs + Variable costs
Profit = Total revenue – Total costs
Profit = Total contribution – Fixed costs
Market capitalisation = Number of shares issued * Current share price
Average rate of return (ARR) =
Net return from porject
∗ 100
Initial cost of project
(%)
Cost of goods sold
Inventory turnover = Average inventories held (Also known as stock turnover)
Receivables
Receivable days = Sales revenue ∗ 365 (Also known as Debtor days, the number of days it takes
people to pay you
...
)
Non−current liabilities
Gearing = Total equity+ Non−current liabilities ∗ 100 (%)
Gearing =
Non−current liabilities
Capital employed
Current assets
Current ratio = Current liabilities
∗ 100 (%) As Total equity+ Non-current liabilities = Capital employed
Return on capital employed (ROCE) =
Operating profitNet return from porject
∗ 100
Total equity+ Non−current liabilities
(%)
Return on capital employed (ROCE) =
Operating profitNet return from porject
∗ 100
Capital employed
(%)
As Total equity+ Non-current liabilities = Capital employed
Labour cost per unit =
Labour costs
Units of output
Employee costs as a percentage of revenue (or turnover) =
Employee costs
∗ 100
Sales revenue
(%)
Employee retention rate for a time period =
Number of employees at the end of period−Number of leavers
Number of employees at the end of period
∗ 100 (%)
Number of staff leaving during year
Labour turnover = Average number of staff employed during year ∗ 100 (%)
Profit for year
Profit for the year margin = Sales revenue ∗ 100 (%)
Operating profit =
Operating profit
∗
Sales revenue
100 (%) (Also known as Profit from operations = Operating profit
margin)
Gross profit
Gross profit margin = Sales revenue ∗ 100 (%) Also known as Gross profit margin)
Margin of safety (on a breakeven chart) = Actual level of output – Breakeven level of output
On a break even chart the level of profit at a given level of output is the vertical distance between
the total revenue line and total costs line
...
For example, the modulus of -3 is 3
...
For example, the modulus of -3 is 3
...
A & B
Title: Business studies formulas A-Level
Description: This is a complete document of all the formulas for A-Level business studies that you will need for your exam
Description: This is a complete document of all the formulas for A-Level business studies that you will need for your exam