Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: Neurology - Anatomy & Physiology - Human assessment
Description: University Level - Adult Science and Nursing Notes - Middlesex University - First and Second Year. Here are notes of the neurological system, the use of each of them, what to look for during patient assessments, etc. Four pages of clear, bullet-pointed notes.
Description: University Level - Adult Science and Nursing Notes - Middlesex University - First and Second Year. Here are notes of the neurological system, the use of each of them, what to look for during patient assessments, etc. Four pages of clear, bullet-pointed notes.
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
28/02/17
Neurological Assessment
Anatomy Revision:
Skull: occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid
- Sutures: sagittal, coronal, lambdoid, squamosal
Brain: brainstem (medulla oblongata, pons varolii, midbrain)
- Cerebellum, cerebrum
Meninges:
- Dura mater - thick, tough membrane, acts as periosteum to skull
- Arachnoid mater - middle meninx, thin, delicate membrane, between arachnoid and
pia is subarachnoid space containing CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Clear, colourless fluid formed at site of ventricles in brain
- Passes from fourth ventricle into subarachnoid space, circulating around the brain
and spinal cord
- 135-150ml
What are Neurological Observations:
- Used to check any damage to brain after an injury
- Light shine on eyes - pupil dilation
- Pushing/pulling, grip, pinch
- Collecting information on the patient's central nervous system
- Nursing assessment includes level of consciousness, pupillary dilation
Why do we do them?
- Main purpose for recording the observations are to determine a baseline to identify
changes and to promptly detect life threatening situations
...
- Loss of consciousness (temporary or sustained)
- Suspicion of head injury (minor or major) or risk of such
- Seizure
- Persistent headache since injury
- Vomiting since injury
- Restricted function of any part of the body
What is consciousness?
- The most sensitive indicator of neurological change
- Can be defined as a state of general awareness of oneself and the environment
- It is difficult to measure directly but it is estimated by observing how patients respond
to certain stimuli
28/02/17
Assessment of Level of Consciousness:
- Stimulate with progressively stronger stimuli:
- Normal voice
- Shout
- Light touch
- Pain (shoulder pinch) - do not pinch if they have an
injury in that area
When to perform neurological observations:
- 30 minute intervals for 2 hours
- 1 hourly for 4 hours
- 2 hourly for 6 hours
- 4 hourly if the patient is no longer and risk and is fit for discharge
- Report changes in NEWS
- Increase/Decrease regular observations appropriately
How to perform neurological observations:
- Logical sequence is advised but consider combined observations when assessing
...
g hospital, town, country
- Person - name, identity
- Beware airway, hearing, speech and language, etc
...
-
MOTOR:
6) Obeys commands: ask the patient to open their mouth and stick out their tongue
or lift up arms or squeeze and let go of your hand (be aware of primal grasp reflex)
5) Localise pain: purposeful and intentional movement, may be response to local
irritants e
...
or response tp trapezius squeeze painful stimuli
...
4) Flexion withdrawal to pain (normal flexion) patient withdraws limb from painful
stimuli with elbow flexed, no attempt to locate source
3) Abnormal Flexion - patient may flex at elbow and rotate shoulder and bend wrist,
making a fist while drawing arm across chest, response slower
2) Extension to pain - patient may straighten arm at elbow or rotate arm inwards
1) No response to pain - consider high spinal injury, muscle paralyzing drugs
...
- Increased ICP = Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse, focal signs
Signs of raised ICP:
- Increased systolic blood pressure, widened pulse pressure (increase in the difference
between systolic and diastolic pressure e
Title: Neurology - Anatomy & Physiology - Human assessment
Description: University Level - Adult Science and Nursing Notes - Middlesex University - First and Second Year. Here are notes of the neurological system, the use of each of them, what to look for during patient assessments, etc. Four pages of clear, bullet-pointed notes.
Description: University Level - Adult Science and Nursing Notes - Middlesex University - First and Second Year. Here are notes of the neurological system, the use of each of them, what to look for during patient assessments, etc. Four pages of clear, bullet-pointed notes.