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Diffusion is the result of the net movement of molecules, within a medium, down their
concentration gradient
o Molecules diffuse from high to low concentration
Concentration of gases varies with pressure
Fick’s law:
o Q=DA(P1-P2)/L
o q= rate of diffusion
o d= diffusion coefficient
o a= area across which gas is diffusing
o l= path length
o p1-p2= partial pressure gradient
Air is a better respiratory medium than water
o Gas diffuses slower in water
o Oxygen content is higher in air than in water
o More energy is required to move water than to move air
o Most water animals are ectotherms so as water temp rises their temp rises and
therefore metabolism rises and they need even more oxygen
Oxygen availability decreases with altitude
o Amount of gas per unit of volume decreases with lower pressure and higher
altitude
Carbon dioxide doesn’t change with altitude
o Has a greater concentration gradient because partial pressure in air is only