Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Positive Politeness Strategies
1
...

You look sad
...
Use solidary in-group identity
markers
...
Be optimistic
...


4
...

If we help each other, I guess,
we’ll both sink or swim in this
course
...
Offer or promise
...


6
...

That’s a nice haircut you got;
where did you get it?

7
...

Yes, it’s rather long; not short
certainly
...
Joke
...
Be indirect
...
Use hedges or questions
...


3
...

You couldn’t find your way to
lending me a thousand dollars,
could you?

4
...

It’s not too much out of your way,
just a couple of blocks
...
Use obviating structures, like
nominalisations, passives, or
statements of general rules
...

Visitors sign the ledger
...


6
...

I’m sorry; it’s a lot to ask, but can
you lend me a thousand dollars?

7
...

We regret to inform you
...

Brown & Levinson’s Concept of Politeness (1978)
•
•
•
•

Brown and Levinson (1987) argue that in order to meet Face needs a speaker will adopt Positive and
Negative Politeness Strategies
Politeness strategies are used to preserve the other speaker’s FACE: the respect you have for yourself,
maintaining self-esteem in public/private situations, eg
...

Face Threatening Acts: acts which infringe on the hearer’s need to maintain his/her self-esteem (face), to be
and feel respected
...


Positive Face Needs
•
•
•

Positive Face Needs means that we want to be liked and approved of (hence the way we use greetings,
compliments and appropriate terms of address)
...
”) and apologies (“I’m sorry but would you mind if?”) thus avoiding face
threatening behaviour
...
Don’t do
the FTA

No Face Loss

4
...
Without redressive action,
bald
With
redressive
action

2
...
Negative
Politeness



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