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Maximum Power Point Tracking in PV System
with Industry Applications
Article · December 2013

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2 authors:
Vedvyas Jayprakash Dwivedi

Rajendra R Aparnathi

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Shah University Wadhwan City, Surendra…

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Shah Univeristy

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International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)
Vol
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4, December 2013, pp
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U
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The output of the PV array is
unregulated DC supply due to change in weather conditions
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The perturbation and observes algorithm is applied for
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) purpose
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The solar cell array powers the steady state energy and the
battery compensates the dynamic energy in the system
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All rights reserved
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com

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The solar photovoltaic (PV) power will play an important role in
alleviating the energy crisis and reducing the environmental pollution and has a bright prospect of
applications
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In recent years, a large
number of techniques have been proposed for maximum power point tracking (MPPT), such as the constant
voltage tracking (CVT), the incremental conductance (INC) method, the perturb-and-observe (P&O or hillclimbing) method [1], [2]
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It operates by periodically perturbing (i
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incrementing or decreasing) the array
terminal voltage and comparing the PV output power with that of the previous perturbation cycle
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MPP is tracked by using DCDC converters [3]
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The output is also
not invertedas is the case in a fly back or Cuk topology
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Inverters are static power converters that produce an ac output waveform from a dc power supply
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A Bi-Directional DC-DC
Converter (BDC) is connected between the Sepic Converter and Inverter
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For sinusoidal ac
outputs, the magnitude and frequency should be controllable
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com/online/index
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This technique called
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) mainly used because of its simplicity and ease of
implementation
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A micro PV system structure in which two PV modules connected in series is considered and it
provides an output power of nearly 160 Watts
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Battery charging and discharging is done using
BDC (Bidirectional converter)
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The
algorithm was verified with MATLAB-SIMULINK that it can track the real MPP very fast when the
temperature changes
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If the manuscript was written really have high
originality, which proposed a new method or algorithm, the additional chapter after the "Introduction"
chapter and before the "Research Method" chapter can be added to explain briefly the theory and/or the
proposed method/algorithm [4]
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PROPOSED SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
The block diagram schematic of the proposed solar energy conversion scheme is shown in Figure 1
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The solar cell array and battery are connected to the same DC Bus through the Sepic
Converter and bi-directional DC-DC converter respectively
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(2) The over-load power is supplied by the battery
(3)
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Figure 1
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Hence, the
Maximum power is tracked and extracted from the PV array and transferred to the stand-alone load through
single phase Inverter
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Among all the available converters, SEPIC has the merits of non-inverting
IJPEDS Vol
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4, December 2013 : 417 – 423

IJPEDS

ISSN: 2088-8694



419

polarity, easy-to drive switch, and low input-current pulsating for high-precise MPPT that makes its integral
characteristics suitable for the low-power PV charger system
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But this circuit has two disadvantages; one is low efficiency and the other needs two inductors
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Therefore the SEPIC is a good choice for constant current converter design
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The inductor
current IL1 increases linearly
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The energy for
the load is supplied by capacitor C2
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The
energy stored in L2 will transfer to C2 through Diode and supplying the energy to loading
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2

MPPT maximum power point tracking Algorithm
The ‘‘P&O’’ method is that which is most commonly used in practice by the majority of authors
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It measures the PV array characteristics, and then perturbs the
operating point of PV generator to encounter the change direction
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An example algorithm flow chart of the most basic form is shown in Figure 2
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If ∆Ppv is positive, the perturbation of the operating voltage should be in the
same direction of the increment
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Figure 2
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Hill-climbing involves a perturbation on the duty cycle of the power
converter and P&O a perturbation in the operating voltage of the DC link between the PV array and the
power converter [8]
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In this method, the sign of the last perturbation and the sign of the last increment
in the power are used to decide what the next perturbation should be
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Figure 3
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Based on these facts, the
algorithm is implemented [8]
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Then the operating point
oscillates around the MPP
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A
scheme of the algorithm is shown in Figure 4
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3 Bidirectional DC-DC Converter
A bidirectional DC-DC converter which allows transfer power between two DC sources becomes an
important topic of power electronics
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When
there is excess energy in PV array, BDC works in buck mode and the Battery will be in charging mode but
when there is cloudy or at nights, BDC works in boost mode and then battery supplies power to load
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LCL configuration is used to effectively damp out the ripples
in the Battery current
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Bidirectional mode Circuit shownin Figure 5 for our project work, take output voltage [11]
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4 PWM Converter (Inverter)
The block diagram of closed loop operation of single phase inverter is shown in Figure 6
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Sine wave pulse width modulation (SPWM) or PWM
modulation is used to control the four switches of inverter [11]
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Bidirectional mode Circuit

Figure 4
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Closed loop operation of PWM inverter

3
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Three similar solar panel with open
circuit voltage Voc= 21
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17A are connected in series which triples the Voltage keeping current
same
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The change in climatic
conditions effects the inverter voltage and current
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3, No
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The main objective is to extract the maximum
power
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755; Minimum Duty cycle = 0
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For above specifications the
inductor and capacitor values are calculated by using standard design equations
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57e-6H, L2=2
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7e-6F, Co= 100e-6F Due to change in the temperature and irradiance there sportive maximum power
changes
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Shown in Figure 7 is the modal of project
schema and Figures 8 to 11 are the results of input or output voltage and current waveforms
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Psim Circuit Diagram

Figure 8
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D1, D2 Current Waveform
Maximum Power Point Tracking in PV System with Industry Applications (Rajendra Aparnathi)

422



ISSN: 2088-8694

Figure 10
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Output System AC voltage & AC Current
4
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The MPPT is implemented by using a SEPIC-Converter, which is designed to operate under
continuous conduction mode, the PV panel and battery
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At the same time, output results of inverter with SPWM
control strategy have better voltage control and simulation results of system demonstrate that system
demonstrate that the PV system has the fast and effective response under changing irradiance levels
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Perturbation and observe Algorithm is used as the control algorithm
for the MPPT
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BDC is operated in suitable modes
according to the conditions the PV system has the fast and effective response under changing irradiance
levels
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perturbation and observe Algorithm is used as the
control algorithm for the MPPT
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BDC is operated in
suitable modes according to the conditions

REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]

X
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A
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Lopes (2004) “An improved perturbation and observation maximum power point tracking algorithm
for PV arrays,” in Proceedings of the IEEE 35th Annual Meeting of Power Electronics Specialists Conference,
PESC-04
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Breckling, Ed
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Oli´As, A
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La´ Zaro
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Roberto F
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Concer, Denizar C
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(2002)

IJPEDS Vol
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4, December 2013 : 417 – 423

IJPEDS

ISSN: 2088-8694

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423

[4]

H
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K
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18 no
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Hu, J
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Chen (2004) “A bidirectional dc/dc power electronic converter for an energy storage
devices in an autonomous power system”, Proc
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Motion Conf
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J
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Firoiu, and D
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of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, CMPSCI Tech
...
99-02, 1999
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(2009) “Energy Management for Stand-alone PV System” in ISECS International
Colloquium on Computing, Communication, Control, and Management
...
Vorperian (1990) "Simplified analysis of PWM converters using the model of PWM switch, Part I: Continuous
conduction mode," IEEE Trans
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26, No
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[9] Tomas Beres, Martin Olejar, Jaroslav Dudrik
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[10] Y
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Chiu and L-W
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Trans
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21 (4), 950–958 (2006)
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Arul Daniel and N
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(2004) “A novel hybrid isolated generating system based on PV Fed
inverter-assisted wind-driven induction generators” IEEE Trans
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19, pp
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[12] Rajendra Aparnathi and Ved Vyas Dwivedi
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Prof
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Aparnathi
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E (Electrical Engineering) degree from
Bhavnager University, qualified GATE-2009, and M
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(Industrial Electronics) from
the Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
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hd*(Pursuing) CU Shah University, Wadhwancity, Surendranagar, Gujarat: India
The major fields of interest are Industrial Automation and Power Systems
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Dr
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D
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E
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E
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C
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D
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K
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Rajkot (Gujarat), Pacific Univ
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J
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Univ
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of
papers published ~ 125, no
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and
nongovernment organizations)

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