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Neuroanatomy flash cards

The bone encasing the brain

Neurocranium

The bone surrounding the “face”

Viscerocranium

The neurocranium is made of _____ type
of bones joined by ______

Flat bones
Sutures

The ratio of viscerocranium to
neurocranium at birth ____ vs adult ____

1:7
1:2

Name the sutures of the skull

Anterior fontanelle
Sagittal suture
Coronal suture
Frontal suture
Lamboid suture

These sutures fuse over time, what is the
benefit of this?

Provides flexibility during natural birth
- These bones slide over each other
allowing the head to move through the
birth canal

Why would the neuro to viscerocranium
ratio change? And how does this occur?

Facial development occurs after birth, this is
due to the development of sinuses (the bone
is “blown up with air”)
This allows an increase in the surface area
of the skull without increasing the overall
weight

Why would a larger skull surface area be
needed in an adult as opposed to a baby?

Increased surface area for skeletal muscle
attachment

Name the two classes of meninges and the
layers within each

Pachymeninges – dura mater
Leptomeninges – arachnoid and pia mater

The meninges create “spaces” (real and
potential)
...
The bleed is venous

How is the subarachnoid space created?
Remember it is an actual space

This space is created between the arachnoid
and pia mater by the presence of
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Why is the subdural space a potential
space and not an actual space?

The CSF in the subarachnoid space pushes
the arachnoid mater against the dura mater

Name two scenarios where a subdural
space is created

1
...
The arachnoid mater
collapses onto the pia mater
2
...
Not entirely
continuous – the endosteum leaves the
foramen magnum and joins the periosteum
The meningeal layer continues through the
foramen magnum and is seen on the spine

What is the main property of bone that
allows the formation of grooves in the
skull and how do these grooves form?

Bone has the ability to remodel
Exposed to pulsing arteries – the bone
begins to remodel around these vessels

Is the left and right hemisphere
symmetrical?

No, brain is lateralised

Lateralisation is often used to describe the
brain
...
Name
these

Association fibres
Commissural fibres
Projection fibres

State the function of association fibres

Interconnect cortical sites within one
hemisphere

State the function of commissural fibres

Run from one hemisphere to the other,
connect functionally related structures

State the function of projection fibres

Pass between cerebral cortex and
subcortical grey matter

If the brain is cut through the horizontal
plane, the corpus callosum would be
observed twice
...

Name these

Cerebrum, cerebellum, medullar oblongata

An example of subcortical grey matter

Basal nuclei

In the brain, what are nuclei?

Accumulation of nerve cell bodies

What is the function of the basal nuclei?

Initiate voluntary motor activity
Facilitate/enable behaviour and movement
that are required in a particular context and
are appropriate

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